Appendix:Finnish nominal inflection/koira
KOTUS type 10 (koira) | NSK types 11 (koira), 13 (asema), 16 (kantaja), 53 (jumala) and 62 (seitsemän) |
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Two-syllable nouns ending with -a/-ä not covered by type kala: those ending with -ä, or with first vowel o/u. Also words formed using the deverbal suffix -ja/-jä, adjectives and participles (-(tta)va/(ttä)vä, -ma/mä), the numerals seitsemän, kahdeksan and yhdeksän and words derived from them.
Consonant gradation possible.
-a-/-ä- of stem is dropped before plural marker -i-. Partitive ending -a and genitive plural ending -en.
Basic declension without consonant gradationEdit
ends with -a | ends with -ä | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The words in the former seitsemän class have a final "n" in nominative singular, but otherwise their inflection is similar to rest of koira -type.
Consonant gradationEdit
SummaryEdit
KOTUS | *A | *B | *C | *D | *E | *F | *G | *H | *I | *J | *K | *L | |
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grade | kk → k | pp → p | tt → t | k → ∅ | p → v | t → d | nk → ng | mp → mm | lt → ll | nt → nn | rt → rr | k → j | |
nominative | strong | kukka | noppa | rotta | sulka | leipä | sota | kenkä | sompa | kulta | kunta | turta | ylkä |
genitive | weak | kukan | nopan | rotan | sulan | leivän | sodan | kengän | somman | kullan | kunnan | turran | yljän |
partitive | strong | kukkaa | noppaa | rottaa | sulkaa | leipää | sotaa | kenkää | sompaa | kultaa | kuntaa | turtaa | ylkää |
elative | weak | kukasta | nopasta | rotasta | sulasta | leivästä | sodasta | kengästä | sommasta | kullasta | kunnasta | turrasta | yljästä |
illative | strong | kukkaan | noppaan | rottaan | sulkaan | leipään | sotaan | kenkään | sompaan | kultaan | kuntaan | turtaan | ylkään |
Complete declension example with consonant gradation (t → d)Edit
Inflection of Finnish nominal inflection/koira (Kotus type 10*F/koira, t-d gradation) | |||
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nominative | sota | sodat | |
genitive | sodan | sotien | |
partitive | sotaa | sotia | |
illative | sotaan | sotiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | sota | sodat | |
accusative | nom. | sota | sodat |
gen. | sodan | ||
genitive | sodan | sotien sotainrare | |
partitive | sotaa | sotia | |
inessive | sodassa | sodissa | |
elative | sodasta | sodista | |
illative | sotaan | sotiin | |
adessive | sodalla | sodilla | |
ablative | sodalta | sodilta | |
allative | sodalle | sodille | |
essive | sotana | sotina | |
translative | sodaksi | sodiksi | |
instructive | — | sodin | |
abessive | sodatta | soditta | |
comitative | — | sotineen |
Possessive forms of Finnish nominal inflection/koira (type koira) | ||
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possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | sotani | sotamme |
2nd person | sotasi | sotanne |
3rd person | sotansa |