-ma
AzerbaijaniEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
preceding vowel | |
---|---|
A / I / O / U | E / Ə / İ / Ö / Ü |
-ma | -mə |
-ma
- Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
preceding vowel | |
---|---|
A / I / O / U | E / Ə / İ / Ö / Ü |
-ma | -mə |
-ma
- Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.
BambaraEdit
SuffixEdit
-ma
- particle indicating a link between two people
Derived termsEdit
SuffixEdit
-ma
- particle creating adjectives from common nouns
Derived termsEdit
ChoctawEdit
SuffixEdit
-ma
See alsoEdit
- -pa (“this”)
DutchEdit
SuffixEdit
-ma
- occurring in Dutch surnames of Frisian origin, ma is probably a shortened form of the old Frisian genitive plural -monna, 'the men's'. After this suffix had fallen into disuse in the Frisian language, it came to be considered as a suffix to form family names.
EstonianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.
SuffixEdit
-ma (da-infinitive -ta)
- Forms verbs from nouns.
InflectionEdit
indicative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -an | ei -a | 1st sing. | olen -anud | ei ole -anud pole -anud | ||||
2nd sing. | -ad | 2nd sing. | oled -anud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -ab | 3rd sing. | on -anud | ||||||
1st plur. | -ame | 1st plur. | oleme -anud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -ate | 2nd plur. | olete -anud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -avad | 3rd plur. | on -anud | ||||||
passive | -atakse | ei -ata | passive | on -atud | ei ole -atud pole -atud | ||||
past | pluperfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -asin | ei -anud | 1st sing. | olin -anud | ei olnud -anud polnud -anud | ||||
2nd sing. | -asid | 2nd sing. | olid -anud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -as | 3rd sing. | oli -anud | ||||||
1st plur. | -asime | 1st plur. | olime -anud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -asite | 2nd plur. | olite -anud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -asid | 3rd plur. | oli -anud | ||||||
passive | -ati | ei -atud | passive | oli -atud | ei olnud -atud polnud -atud | ||||
conditional | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -aksin | ei -aks | 1st sing. | -anuksin oleksin -anud |
ei oleks -anud poleks -anud | ||||
2nd sing. | -aksid | 2nd sing. | -anuksid oleksid -anud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -aks | 3rd sing. | -anuks oleks -anud | ||||||
1st plur. | -aksime | 1st plur. | -anuksime oleksime -anud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -aksite | 2nd plur. | -anuksite oleksite -anud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -aksid | 3rd plur. | -anuksid oleksid -anud | ||||||
passive | -ataks | ei -ataks | passive | -atuks oleks -atud |
ei oleks -atud poleks -atud | ||||
imperative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
2nd sing. | -a | ära -a | 2nd sing. | ole -anud | ära ole -anud | ||||
3rd sing. | -aku | ärgu -aku | 3rd sing. | olgu -anud | ärgu olgu -anud | ||||
1st plur. | -akem | ärme -ame ärme -a ärgem -akem |
1st plur. | olgem -anud | ärme oleme -anud ärme ole -anud ärgem olgem -anud | ||||
2nd plur. | -ake | ärge -ake | 2nd plur. | olge -anud | ärge olge -anud | ||||
3rd plur. | -aku | ärgu -aku | 3rd plur. | olgu -anud | ärgu olgu -anud | ||||
passive | -atagu | ärgu -atagu | passive | olgu -atud | ärgu olgu -atud | ||||
quotative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
active | -avat | ei -avat | active | olevat -anud | ei olevat -anud polevat -anud | ||||
passive | -atavat | ei -atavat | passive | olevat -atud | ei olevat -atud polevat -atud | ||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||
ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
nominative | -ama | -atama | nominative | -ata | olla -anud | ||||
inessive | -amas | — | inessive | -ates | olles -anud | ||||
elative | -amast | — | participle | active | passive | ||||
translative | -amaks | — | present | -av | -atav | ||||
abessive | -amata | — | past | -anud | -atud |
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.
SuffixEdit
-ma
- The suffix of the ma-infinitive, which is the lemma form of a verb.
FinnishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma (compare Erzya -ма (-ma), -мо (-mo) in эрямо (eŕamo, “life”), кулома (kuloma, “death”)).
SuffixEdit
-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä)
- Forms action/result nouns from verbs.
- (unproductive) Forms some diminutive nouns.
InflectionEdit
Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | -ma | -mat | ||
genitive | -man | -mien | ||
partitive | -maa | -mia | ||
illative | -maan | -miin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | -ma | -mat | ||
accusative | nom. | -ma | -mat | |
gen. | -man | |||
genitive | -man | -mien -mainrare | ||
partitive | -maa | -mia | ||
inessive | -massa | -missa | ||
elative | -masta | -mista | ||
illative | -maan | -miin | ||
adessive | -malla | -milla | ||
ablative | -malta | -milta | ||
allative | -malle | -mille | ||
essive | -mana | -mina | ||
translative | -maksi | -miksi | ||
instructive | — | -min | ||
abessive | -matta | -mitta | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma.
SuffixEdit
-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä)
- The suffix of the agent participle.
- The third infinitive suffix; not used on its own, and always receives one of a number of case endings.
InflectionEdit
Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -ma | -mat | |
genitive | -man | -mien | |
partitive | -maa | -mia | |
illative | -maan | -miin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -ma | -mat | |
accusative | nom. | -ma | -mat |
gen. | -man | ||
genitive | -man | -mien -mainrare | |
partitive | -maa | -mia | |
inessive | -massa | -missa | |
elative | -masta | -mista | |
illative | -maan | -miin | |
adessive | -malla | -milla | |
ablative | -malta | -milta | |
allative | -malle | -mille | |
essive | -mana | -mina | |
translative | -maksi | -miksi | |
instructive | — | -min | |
abessive | -matta | -mitta | |
comitative | — | -mine |
Possessive forms of -ma (type koira) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived termsEdit
GaroEdit
EtymologyEdit
Might be somewhat related to Chinese 嗎/吗. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
SuffixEdit
-ma
- Final particle which turns the sentence into a polar question.
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.. The neologists formed new words with it after artificially deducing it from words ending in -ma/-me. [1]
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ma
Usage notesEdit
- (noun suffix) No longer productive. Harmonic variants:
DeclensionEdit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -ma | -mák |
accusative | -mát | -mákat |
dative | -mának | -máknak |
instrumental | -mával | -mákkal |
causal-final | -máért | -mákért |
translative | -mává | -mákká |
terminative | -máig | -mákig |
essive-formal | -maként | -mákként |
essive-modal | -mául | -mákul |
inessive | -mában | -mákban |
superessive | -mán | -mákon |
adessive | -mánál | -máknál |
illative | -mába | -mákba |
sublative | -mára | -mákra |
allative | -mához | -mákhoz |
elative | -mából | -mákból |
delative | -máról | -mákról |
ablative | -mától | -máktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
-máé | -máké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
-máéi | -mákéi |
Possessive forms of -ma | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | -mám | -máim |
2nd person sing. | -mád | -máid |
3rd person sing. | -mája | -mái |
1st person plural | -mánk | -máink |
2nd person plural | -mátok | -máitok |
3rd person plural | -májuk | -máik |
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ -ma in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
KamberaEdit
PronounEdit
-ma
See alsoEdit
LaboyaEdit
PronounEdit
-ma
See alsoEdit
LatvianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
SuffixEdit
-ma
- Added to adjectives (sometimes to nouns) to form abstract nouns, especially those referring to the state or property that corresponds to the original adjective (like, e.g., Eng. -ity).
Derived termsEdit
MaquiritariEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ma
- Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations.
Usage notesEdit
Derivations with this suffix are often not transparent, with various changes being found in the stem. Quite likely such derivations are old and this suffix has long since stopped being productive.
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-ma”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 148
Murui HuitotoEdit
PronunciationEdit
ClassifierEdit
-ma
- Classifier for masculine animate nouns.
Coordinate termsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Shirley Burtch (1983) Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)[1] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 170
- Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[2], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 207
PaliEdit
Alternative formsEdit
SuffixEdit
-ma
TurkishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Ottoman Turkish ـما (-ma).
SuffixEdit
-ma
- Form of -me (negates verbs) after the vowels A / I / O / U.
- Artık senin için ağlamayacağım.
- I won't weep for you any more.
Etymology 2Edit
From Ottoman Turkish ـمه (-ma).
SuffixEdit
-ma
- Form of -me (forms verbal nouns) after the vowels A / I / O / U.
- Unutulmayı hiç sevmem.
- I really don't like to be forgotten.
WarlpiriEdit
SuffixEdit
-ma