-ma

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ma"

Azerbaijani

Etymology 1

Suffix

preceding vowel
a / i / o / u	e / ə / i̇ / ö / ü
-ma	-mə

-ma

1. Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.

Etymology 2

Suffix

preceding vowel
a / i / o / u	e / ə / i̇ / ö / ü
-ma	-mə

-ma

1. Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.

Bambara

Suffix

-ma

1. particle indicating a link between two people

Derived terms

• filanima (“twin”)
• sinama (“co-wife”)
• terima (“friend”)
• tɔgɔma (“homonym”)

Suffix

-ma

1. particle creating adjectives from common nouns

Derived terms

• sukaroma (“sweet”)
• kɔgɔma (“salty”)
• nɔnɔma (“with milk”)
• cɛma (“male”)
• musoma (“female”)

Choctaw

Suffix

-ma

1. (demonstrative) that, those

See also

• -pa (“this”)

Dutch

Suffix

-ma

1. occurring in Dutch surnames of Frisian origin, ma is probably a shortened form of the old Frisian genitive plural -monna, 'the men's'. After this suffix had fallen into disuse in the Frisian language, it came to be considered as a suffix to form family names

Estonian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.

Suffix

-ma (da-infinitive -ta)

1. Forms verbs from nouns.

Inflection

Conjugation of -ma (ÕS type 29/hüppama, no gradation)

indicative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-an	ei -a	1st sing.	olen -anud	ei ole -anud pole -anud
2nd sing.	-ad		2nd sing.	oled -anud
3rd sing.	-ab		3rd sing.	on -anud
1st plur.	-ame		1st plur.	oleme -anud
2nd plur.	-ate		2nd plur.	olete -anud
3rd plur.	-avad		3rd plur.	on -anud
impersonal	-atakse	ei -ata	impersonal	on -atud	ei ole -atud pole -atud
past			pluperfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-asin	ei -anud	1st sing.	olin -anud	ei olnud -anud polnud -anud
2nd sing.	-asid		2nd sing.	olid -anud
3rd sing.	-as		3rd sing.	oli -anud
1st plur.	-asime		1st plur.	olime -anud
2nd plur.	-asite		2nd plur.	olite -anud
3rd plur.	-asid		3rd plur.	oli -anud
impersonal	-ati	ei -atud	impersonal	oli -atud	ei olnud -atud polnud -atud
conditional
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-aksin	ei -aks	1st sing.	-anuksin oleksin -anud	ei -anuks ei oleks -anud poleks -anud
2nd sing.	-aksid		2nd sing.	-anuksid oleksid -anud
3rd sing.	-aks		3rd sing.	-anuks oleks -anud
1st plur.	-aksime		1st plur.	-anuksime oleksime -anud
2nd plur.	-aksite		2nd plur.	-anuksite oleksite -anud
3rd plur.	-aksid		3rd plur.	-anuksid oleksid -anud
impersonal	-ataks	ei -ataks	impersonal	oleks -atud	ei oleks -atud poleks -atud
imperative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.	-a	ära -a	2nd sing.	ole -anud	ära ole -anud
3rd sing.	-aku	ärgu -aku	3rd sing.	olgu -anud	ärgu olgu -anud
1st plur.	-akem	ärme -ame ärme -a ärgem -akem	1st plur.	olgem -anud	ärme oleme -anud ärme ole -anud ärgem olgem -anud
2nd plur.	-ake	ärge -ake	2nd plur.	olge -anud	ärge olge -anud
3rd plur.	-aku	ärgu -aku	3rd plur.	olgu -anud	ärgu olgu -anud
impersonal	-atagu	ärgu -atagu	impersonal	olgu -atud	ärgu olgu -atud
quotative
present			perfect
voice	positive	negative	voice	positive	negative
active	-avat	ei -avat	active	olevat -anud	ei olevat -anud polevat -anud
passive	-atavat	ei -atavat	passive	olevat -atud	ei olevat -atud polevat -atud
Nominal forms
ma-infinitive	active	passive	da-infinitive	present	past
nominative	-ama	-atama	nominative	-ata	olla -anud
illative		—	inessive	-ates	olles -anud
inessive	-amas		participle	active	passive
elative	-amast		present	-av	-atav
translative	-amaks		past	-anud	-atud
abessive	-amata		negative	-amatu	—

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -ma

ahmima

analüüsima

arreteerima

arvama

ehitama

erinema

haarama

harima

harjama

hilinema

hindama

hoolima

hoorama

huiama

hukkama

inspireerima

investeerima

juurima

jälgima

kammima

katma

kestma

kinkima

kisama

kommenteerima

kontrollima

kordama

kratsima

käppima

lehkama

lintšima

lisama

lubama

lõhnama

mõõtma

nikkuma

näppama

näppima

ohjama

organiseerima

oskama

parkima

proovima

pruulima

raiskama

reisima

roojama

rääkima

soolama

suunama

tsiviliseerima

tuiskama

tõlkima

tõrvama

tõttama

vastama

võidma

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.

Suffix

-ma

1. The suffix of the ma-infinitive, which is the lemma form of a verb.

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma (compare Moksha -ма (-ma) in эряма (eŕama, “life”), кулома (kuloma, “death”)).

Suffix

-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä, linguistic notation -mA)

1. Forms action/result nouns from verbs.

   ‎elää (“to live”) + ‎-ma → ‎elämä (“life”)

   ‎kuolla (“to die”) + ‎-ma → ‎kuolema (“death”)

   ‎osua (“to hit”) + ‎-ma → ‎osuma (“hit”)

   ‎sattua (“to take place”) + ‎-ma → ‎sattuma (“chance”)

   ‎tapahtua (“to happen”) + ‎-ma → ‎tapahtuma (“event”)

2. (unproductive) Forms some diminutive nouns.
3. Used to form the combining form of some verbs.

   ‎uida (“to swim”) + ‎-ma → ‎uima-

Inflection

Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		-ma	-mat
genitive		-man	-mien
partitive		-maa	-mia
illative		-maan	-miin
		singular	plural
nominative		-ma	-mat
accusative	nom.	-ma	-mat
	gen.	-man
genitive		-man	-mien -main rare
partitive		-maa	-mia
inessive		-massa	-missa
elative		-masta	-mista
illative		-maan	-miin
adessive		-malla	-milla
ablative		-malta	-milta
allative		-malle	-mille
essive		-mana	-mina
translative		-maksi	-miksi
abessive		-matta	-mitta
instructive		—	-min
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -mani -mani accusative nom. -mani -mani gen. -mani genitive -mani -mieni -maini rare partitive -maani -miani inessive -massani -missani elative -mastani -mistani illative -maani -miini adessive -mallani -millani ablative -maltani -miltani allative -malleni -milleni essive -manani -minani translative -makseni -mikseni abessive -mattani -mittani instructive — — comitative — -mineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -masi -masi accusative nom. -masi -masi gen. -masi genitive -masi -miesi -maisi rare partitive -maasi -miasi inessive -massasi -missasi elative -mastasi -mistasi illative -maasi -miisi adessive -mallasi -millasi ablative -maltasi -miltasi allative -mallesi -millesi essive -manasi -minasi translative -maksesi -miksesi abessive -mattasi -mittasi instructive — — comitative — -minesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -mamme -mamme accusative nom. -mamme -mamme gen. -mamme genitive -mamme -miemme -maimme rare partitive -maamme -miamme inessive -massamme -missamme elative -mastamme -mistamme illative -maamme -miimme adessive -mallamme -millamme ablative -maltamme -miltamme allative -mallemme -millemme essive -manamme -minamme translative -maksemme -miksemme abessive -mattamme -mittamme instructive — — comitative — -minemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -manne -manne accusative nom. -manne -manne gen. -manne genitive -manne -mienne -mainne rare partitive -maanne -mianne inessive -massanne -missanne elative -mastanne -mistanne illative -maanne -miinne adessive -mallanne -millanne ablative -maltanne -miltanne allative -mallenne -millenne essive -mananne -minanne translative -maksenne -miksenne abessive -mattanne -mittanne instructive — — comitative — -minenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -mansa -mansa accusative nom. -mansa -mansa gen. -mansa genitive -mansa -miensa -mainsa rare partitive -maansa -miaan -miansa inessive -massaan -massansa -missaan -missansa elative -mastaan -mastansa -mistaan -mistansa illative -maansa -miinsa adessive -mallaan -mallansa -millaan -millansa ablative -maltaan -maltansa -miltaan -miltansa allative -malleen -mallensa -milleen -millensa essive -manaan -manansa -minaan -minansa translative -makseen -maksensa -mikseen -miksensa abessive -mattaan -mattansa -mittaan -mittansa instructive — — comitative — -mineen -minensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ma (nominal)

aatelma

abstrahoituma

ahavoituma

ahtautuma

aineellistuma

aineistuma

ajatelma

ajautuma

ajettuma

aktuaalistuma

aktualisoituma

alenema

alentuma

alittuma

altistuma

arpeutuma

arvostelma

asema

asennoituma

asetelma

asettuma

askelma

assosioituma

asuma

aukeama

avartuma

avautuma

degeneroituma

diftongiutuma

dissekoituma

edistymä

edustuma

ehdollistuma

ehdotelma

eksymä

elämä

epämuodostuma

eritelmä

erkanema

esiintymä

esitelmä

estymä

etenemä

haarautuma

haavauma

haavautuma

hahmotelma

haihtuma

hajautuma

halkeama

hankauma

hankautuma

hapettuma

harhama

harhautuma

harjoitelma

harventuma

hautuma

heijastuma

heikentymä

heikkenemä

henkilöitymä

herkistymä

herpauma

hieroutuma

hiertymä

hiutuma

hokema

huipentuma

huolema

huuhtoutuma

hyytymä

häipymä

ihottuma

ilkamoida

ilmenemä

ilmentymä

iltama

imeytymä

irtautuma

iskemä

jakautuma

johtuma

juoma

jutelma

juustoutuma

jähmettymä

jäljitelmä

jättämä

jäykistymä

jäämä

jäätymä

kaavoittuma

kahdentuma

kalkkiutuma

kallistuma

kantama

karttuma

kasaantuma

kasautuma

kasvama

kasvettuma

katkeama

kaventuma

kehittymä

kehkeytymä

kerma

kerrostuma

kertoma

kertymä

keräytymä

keskittymä

kestämä

kieroutuma

kiertymä

kiertämä

kietoutuma

kihelmöidä

kinkama

kinostuma

kiteytymä

kivettymä

kiveytymä

kohoama

kohoutuma

Kokemäki

kokoontuma

kokoutuma

kolhiintuma

kolhiutuma

kovettuma

kulkeutuma

kuluma

kuolema

kuorettuma

kuoreutuma

kuortuma

kuroutuma

kutistuma

kuulonalenema

kuunnelma

kuvitelma

kärhämä

kärjistymä

Kärsämäki

käymäseltä

käyristymä

käyttäytymä

kääntymä

laajenema

laajentuma

lahjoma

laitama

lajitelma

laskeutuma

latautuma

latomakone

laukeama

lausuma

lautuma

leijuma

levenemä

liesma

liettymä

liittoutuma

liittymä

Linjama

litistymä

liukuma

-lma

lohkeama

loukkaantuma

loukkauma

luetelma

luhistuma

lukema

lukkiutuma

lumenviipymä

luokitelma

luukasvama

luutuma

lyhenemä

lyhennelmä

lyhentymä

lyöttymä

maatuma

magnetoituma

maisema

maksoittuma

menetelmä

muistama

muistelma

muistuma

mukaelma

mukauma

mukautuma

muodostuma

muotoutuma

muovautuma

murenema

• -maton
• -minen
• -mo
• -mus

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma.

Suffix

-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä, linguistic notation -mA)

1. The suffix of the agent participle.

   ‎ajaa (“to drive”) + ‎-ma → ‎ajama (“driven by”)

   miehen ajama auto — car driven by the man

3. The third infinitive suffix; not used on its own, and always receives one of a number of case endings.

Inflection

Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		-ma	-mat
genitive		-man	-mien
partitive		-maa	-mia
illative		-maan	-miin
		singular	plural
nominative		-ma	-mat
accusative	nom.	-ma	-mat
	gen.	-man
genitive		-man	-mien -main rare
partitive		-maa	-mia
inessive		-massa	-missa
elative		-masta	-mista
illative		-maan	-miin
adessive		-malla	-milla
ablative		-malta	-milta
allative		-malle	-mille
essive		-mana	-mina
translative		-maksi	-miksi
abessive		-matta	-mitta
instructive		—	-min
comitative		—	-mine

Possessive forms of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -mani -mani accusative nom. -mani -mani gen. -mani genitive -mani -mieni -maini rare partitive -maani -miani inessive -massani -missani elative -mastani -mistani illative -maani -miini adessive -mallani -millani ablative -maltani -miltani allative -malleni -milleni essive -manani -minani translative -makseni -mikseni abessive -mattani -mittani instructive — — comitative — -mineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -masi -masi accusative nom. -masi -masi gen. -masi genitive -masi -miesi -maisi rare partitive -maasi -miasi inessive -massasi -missasi elative -mastasi -mistasi illative -maasi -miisi adessive -mallasi -millasi ablative -maltasi -miltasi allative -mallesi -millesi essive -manasi -minasi translative -maksesi -miksesi abessive -mattasi -mittasi instructive — — comitative — -minesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -mamme -mamme accusative nom. -mamme -mamme gen. -mamme genitive -mamme -miemme -maimme rare partitive -maamme -miamme inessive -massamme -missamme elative -mastamme -mistamme illative -maamme -miimme adessive -mallamme -millamme ablative -maltamme -miltamme allative -mallemme -millemme essive -manamme -minamme translative -maksemme -miksemme abessive -mattamme -mittamme instructive — — comitative — -minemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -manne -manne accusative nom. -manne -manne gen. -manne genitive -manne -mienne -mainne rare partitive -maanne -mianne inessive -massanne -missanne elative -mastanne -mistanne illative -maanne -miinne adessive -mallanne -millanne ablative -maltanne -miltanne allative -mallenne -millenne essive -mananne -minanne translative -maksenne -miksenne abessive -mattanne -mittanne instructive — — comitative — -minenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -mansa -mansa accusative nom. -mansa -mansa gen. -mansa genitive -mansa -miensa -mainsa rare partitive -maansa -miaan -miansa inessive -massaan -massansa -missaan -missansa elative -mastaan -mastansa -mistaan -mistansa illative -maansa -miinsa adessive -mallaan -mallansa -millaan -millansa ablative -maltaan -maltansa -miltaan -miltansa allative -malleen -mallensa -milleen -millensa essive -manaan -manansa -minaan -minansa translative -makseen -maksensa -mikseen -miksensa abessive -mattaan -mattansa -mittaan -mittansa instructive — — comitative — -mineen -minensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ma (participial)

auringonpaahtama

junantuoma

Garo

Etymology

Might be somewhat related to Chinese 嗎 / 吗. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Suffix

-ma

1. Final particle which turns the sentence into a polar question.

Hungarian

Etymology

Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.. The neologists formed new words with it after artificially deducing it from words ending in -ma/-me.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mɒ]

Suffix

-ma

1. (noun-forming suffix, rare) Added to a word to form a noun. No longer productive.

   ‎játszik (“to play”) + ‎-ma → ‎játszma (“game, match”)

Usage notes

• (noun-forming suffix) Variants:

  -ma is added to back-vowel words

  -me is added to front-vowel words

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ma	-mák
accusative	-mát	-mákat
dative	-mának	-máknak
instrumental	-mával	-mákkal
causal-final	-máért	-mákért
translative	-mává	-mákká
terminative	-máig	-mákig
essive-formal	-maként	-mákként
essive-modal	-mául	-mákul
inessive	-mában	-mákban
superessive	-mán	-mákon
adessive	-mánál	-máknál
illative	-mába	-mákba
sublative	-mára	-mákra
allative	-mához	-mákhoz
elative	-mából	-mákból
delative	-máról	-mákról
ablative	-mától	-máktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	-máé	-máké
non-attributive possessive – plural	-máéi	-mákéi

Possessive forms of -ma

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	-mám	-máim
2nd person sing.	-mád	-máid
3rd person sing.	-mája	-mái
1st person plural	-mánk	-máink
2nd person plural	-mátok	-máitok
3rd person plural	-májuk	-máik

Derived terms

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -ma

gyurma

játszma

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognates include Finnish -ma and Estonian -m.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-mɑ/, [-mɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-mɑ/, [-mɑ]

Suffix

-ma (front vowel variant -mä)

1. Used to form result nouns from verbs.

   ‎vettää (“to pull”) + ‎-ma → ‎vetämä (“cartload”)

Declension

Declension of -ma (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	-ma	-mat
genitive	-man	-mmiin
partitive	-mmaa	-mmia
illative	-mmaa	-mmii
inessive	-mas	-mis
elative	-mast	-mist
allative	-malle	-mille
adessive	-mal	-mil
ablative	-malt	-milt
translative	-maks	-miks
essive	-manna, -mmaan	-minna, -mmiin
exessive1)	-mant	-mint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -ma

ajama

elämä

looma

lähtömä

rissimä

sanoma

vahvistama

vetämä

Kambera

Pronoun

-ma

1. first person plural exclusive genitive enclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics

			nominative	genitive	accusative	dative
singular	first person		ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
	second person		mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
	third person		na-	-na	-ya	-nya
plural	first person	inclusive	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
		exclusive	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
	second person		mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
	third person		da-	-da	-ha	-nja

Kari'na

Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *-ma; cognate to Apalaí -ma, Trió -ma, Wayana -ma, Waiwai -ma, Akawaio -ma, Macushi -ma, Pemon -ma, Ye'kwana -ma. Likely also ultimately related to the postposition me (“functioning as”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ma]

Suffix

-ma

1. Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations, but often ‘to cause to become or gain the qualities of’.
2. Forms transitive verbs from loanwords.

Derived terms

Kari'na terms suffixed with -ma

kòma

References

• Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[1], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, pages 133–134, 311
• Yamada, Racquel-María (2010) “-ma”, in Speech community-based documentation, description, and revitalization: Kari’nja in Konomerume‎^[2], University of Oregon, page 767

Laboya

Pronoun

-ma

1. first person plural exclusive subject enclitic
2. first person plural exclusive possessive enclitic

See also

Laboya pronominal clitics

		subject	subject/ possessive	object
singular	1st person	gu-	-gu	-ga
	2nd person	mu-	-mu	-gu
	3rd person	na-	-na	-ni
plural	1st person inclusive	da-	-da	-da
	1st person exclusive	ma-	-ma	-gama
	2nd person	mi-	-mi	-gimi
	3rd person	ɗa-	-ɗa	-di

Latvian

Alternative forms

• -me
• -sme

Suffix

-ma

1. Added to adjectives (sometimes to nouns) to form abstract nouns, especially those referring to the state or property that corresponds to the original adjective (like, e.g., Eng. -ity).

Derived terms

Latvian terms suffixed with -ma

dziesma

iedvesma

rasma

vēsma

Murui Huitoto

Etymology

Cognates include Minica Huitoto -ma and Nüpode Huitoto -ma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ma]

Classifier

-ma

1. Classifier for masculine animate nouns.

Coordinate terms

• -ño

Derived terms

Murui Huitoto terms suffixed with -ma

biyama

faɨraɨma

iama

iyaɨma

jimoma

jitoma

jɨgadɨma

komoma

kuema

mookama

mooma

Muruima

oima

oma

uzuma

yoema

ɨɨima

Related terms

• -mɨe

References

• Shirley Burtch (1983) Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎^[3] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 170
• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[4], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 207

Old English

Suffix

-ma

1. Alternative form of -uma

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• -𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• -म (Devanagari script)
• -ম (Bengali script)
• -ම (Sinhalese script)
• -မ (Burmese script)
• -ม or -มะ (Thai script)
• -ᨾ (Tai Tham script)
• -ມ or -ມະ (Lao script)
• -ម (Khmer script)
• -𑄟 (Chakma script)

Suffix

-ma

1. masculine/neuter vocative singular of -mant

Turkish

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish ـما (-ma).

Suffix

-ma

1. Form of -me (negates verbs) after the vowels A / I / O / U.

   Artık senin için ağlamayacağım.

   I won't weep for you any more.

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish ـمه (-ma).

Suffix

-ma

1. Form of -me (forms verbal nouns) after the vowels A / I / O / U.

   Unutulmayı hiç sevmem.

   I really don't like to be forgotten.

Warlpiri

Suffix

-ma

1. causative suffix; to cause to do (the resulting verb is a ni-class verb)

Ye'kwana

Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *-ma; cognate to Apalaí -ma, Kari'na -ma, Trió -ma, Wayana -ma, Waiwai -ma, Akawaio -ma, Macushi -ma, Pemon -ma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ma]

Suffix

-ma

1. Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations.

Usage notes

Derivations with this suffix are often not transparent, with various changes being found in the stem. Quite likely such derivations are old and this suffix has long since stopped being productive.

Derived terms

Ye'kwana terms suffixed with -ma

a'yanoma

ejema

ekamma

kone'ma

oima

owanoma

ööjüma

yaichuuma

References

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “-ma”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[5], Lyon, page 148