-ma

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ma"

Azerbaijani

Etymology 1

Suffix

preceding vowel
A / I / O / U	E / Ə / İ / Ö / Ü
-ma	-mə

-ma

1. Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.

Etymology 2

Suffix

preceding vowel
A / I / O / U	E / Ə / İ / Ö / Ü
-ma	-mə

-ma

1. Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.

Bambara

Suffix

-ma

1. particle indicating a link between two people

Derived terms

• filanima (“twin”)
• sinama (“co-wife”)
• terima (“friend”)
• tɔgɔma (“homonym”)

Suffix

-ma

1. particle creating adjectives from common nouns

Derived terms

• sukaroma (“sweet”)
• kɔgɔma (“salty”)
• nɔnɔma (“with milk”)
• cɛma (“male”)
• musoma (“female”)

Choctaw

Suffix

-ma

1. (demonstrative) that, those

See also

• -pa (“this”)

Dutch

Suffix

-ma

1. occurring in Dutch surnames of Frisian origin, ma is probably a shortened form of the old Frisian genitive plural -monna, 'the men's'. After this suffix had fallen into disuse in the Frisian language, it came to be considered as a suffix to form family names.

Estonian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.

Suffix

-ma (da-infinitive -ta)

1. Forms verbs from nouns.

Inflection

Inflection of -ma (ÕS type 29/hüppama, no gradation)

indicative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-an	ei -a	1st sing.	olen -anud	ei ole -anud pole -anud
2nd sing.	-ad		2nd sing.	oled -anud
3rd sing.	-ab		3rd sing.	on -anud
1st plur.	-ame		1st plur.	oleme -anud
2nd plur.	-ate		2nd plur.	olete -anud
3rd plur.	-avad		3rd plur.	on -anud
passive	-atakse	ei -ata	passive	on -atud	ei ole -atud pole -atud
past			pluperfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-asin	ei -anud	1st sing.	olin -anud	ei olnud -anud polnud -anud
2nd sing.	-asid		2nd sing.	olid -anud
3rd sing.	-as		3rd sing.	oli -anud
1st plur.	-asime		1st plur.	olime -anud
2nd plur.	-asite		2nd plur.	olite -anud
3rd plur.	-asid		3rd plur.	oli -anud
passive	-ati	ei -atud	passive	oli -atud	ei olnud -atud polnud -atud
conditional
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-aksin	ei -aks	1st sing.	-anuksin oleksin -anud	ei oleks -anud poleks -anud
2nd sing.	-aksid		2nd sing.	-anuksid oleksid -anud
3rd sing.	-aks		3rd sing.	-anuks oleks -anud
1st plur.	-aksime		1st plur.	-anuksime oleksime -anud
2nd plur.	-aksite		2nd plur.	-anuksite oleksite -anud
3rd plur.	-aksid		3rd plur.	-anuksid oleksid -anud
passive	-ataks	ei -ataks	passive	-atuks oleks -atud	ei oleks -atud poleks -atud
imperative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.	-a	ära -a	2nd sing.	ole -anud	ära ole -anud
3rd sing.	-aku	ärgu -aku	3rd sing.	olgu -anud	ärgu olgu -anud
1st plur.	-akem	ärme -ame ärme -a ärgem -akem	1st plur.	olgem -anud	ärme oleme -anud ärme ole -anud ärgem olgem -anud
2nd plur.	-ake	ärge -ake	2nd plur.	olge -anud	ärge olge -anud
3rd plur.	-aku	ärgu -aku	3rd plur.	olgu -anud	ärgu olgu -anud
passive	-atagu	ärgu -atagu	passive	olgu -atud	ärgu olgu -atud
quotative
present			perfect
voice	positive	negative	voice	positive	negative
active	-avat	ei -avat	active	olevat -anud	ei olevat -anud polevat -anud
passive	-atavat	ei -atavat	passive	olevat -atud	ei olevat -atud polevat -atud
Nominal forms
ma-infinitive	active	passive	da-infinitive	present	past
nominative	-ama	-atama	nominative	-ata	olla -anud
inessive	-amas	—	inessive	-ates	olles -anud
elative	-amast	—	participle	active	passive
translative	-amaks	—	present	-av	-atav
abessive	-amata	—	past	-anud	-atud

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -ma

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.

Suffix

-ma

1. The suffix of the ma-infinitive, which is the lemma form of a verb.

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma (compare Erzya -ма (-ma), -мо (-mo) in эрямо (eŕamo, “life”), кулома (kuloma, “death”)).

Suffix

-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä)

1. Forms action/result nouns from verbs.

   ‎elää (“to live”) + ‎-ma → ‎elämä (“life”)

   ‎kuolla (“to die”) + ‎-ma → ‎kuolema (“death”)

   ‎osua (“to hit”) + ‎-ma → ‎osuma (“hit”)

   ‎sattua (“to take place”) + ‎-ma → ‎sattuma (“chance”)

   ‎tapahtua (“to happen”) + ‎-ma → ‎tapahtuma (“event”)

2. (unproductive) Forms some diminutive nouns.

Inflection

Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		-ma	-mat
genitive		-man	-mien
partitive		-maa	-mia
illative		-maan	-miin
		singular	plural
nominative		-ma	-mat
accusative	nom.	-ma	-mat
	gen.	-man
genitive		-man	-mien -mainrare
partitive		-maa	-mia
inessive		-massa	-missa
elative		-masta	-mista
illative		-maan	-miin
adessive		-malla	-milla
ablative		-malta	-milta
allative		-malle	-mille
essive		-mana	-mina
translative		-maksi	-miksi
instructive		—	-min
abessive		-matta	-mitta
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -ma (type koira)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -mani -mani accusative nom. -mani -mani gen. -mani genitive -mani -mieni -mainirare partitive -maani -miani inessive -massani -missani elative -mastani -mistani illative -maani -miini adessive -mallani -millani ablative -maltani -miltani allative -malleni -milleni essive -manani -minani translative -makseni -mikseni instructive — — abessive -mattani -mittani comitative — -mineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -masi -masi accusative nom. -masi -masi gen. -masi genitive -masi -miesi -maisirare partitive -maasi -miasi inessive -massasi -missasi elative -mastasi -mistasi illative -maasi -miisi adessive -mallasi -millasi ablative -maltasi -miltasi allative -mallesi -millesi essive -manasi -minasi translative -maksesi -miksesi instructive — — abessive -mattasi -mittasi comitative — -minesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -mamme -mamme accusative nom. -mamme -mamme gen. -mamme genitive -mamme -miemme -maimmerare partitive -maamme -miamme inessive -massamme -missamme elative -mastamme -mistamme illative -maamme -miimme adessive -mallamme -millamme ablative -maltamme -miltamme allative -mallemme -millemme essive -manamme -minamme translative -maksemme -miksemme instructive — — abessive -mattamme -mittamme comitative — -minemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -manne -manne accusative nom. -manne -manne gen. -manne genitive -manne -mienne -mainnerare partitive -maanne -mianne inessive -massanne -missanne elative -mastanne -mistanne illative -maanne -miinne adessive -mallanne -millanne ablative -maltanne -miltanne allative -mallenne -millenne essive -mananne -minanne translative -maksenne -miksenne instructive — — abessive -mattanne -mittanne comitative — -minenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -mansa -mansa accusative nom. -mansa -mansa gen. -mansa genitive -mansa -miensa -mainsarare partitive -maansa -miaan -miansa inessive -massaan -massansa -missaan -missansa elative -mastaan -mastansa -mistaan -mistansa illative -maansa -miinsa adessive -mallaan -mallansa -millaan -millansa ablative -maltaan -maltansa -miltaan -miltansa allative -malleen -mallensa -milleen -millensa essive -manaan -manansa -minaan -minansa translative -makseen -maksensa -mikseen -miksensa instructive — — abessive -mattaan -mattansa -mittaan -mittansa comitative — -mineen -minensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ma (nominal)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma.

Suffix

-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä)

2. The suffix of the agent participle.

   ‎ajaa (“to drive”) + ‎-ma → ‎ajama (“driven by”)

   miehen ajama auto — car driven by the man

4. The third infinitive suffix; not used on its own, and always receives one of a number of case endings.

Inflection

Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		-ma	-mat
genitive		-man	-mien
partitive		-maa	-mia
illative		-maan	-miin
		singular	plural
nominative		-ma	-mat
accusative	nom.	-ma	-mat
	gen.	-man
genitive		-man	-mien -mainrare
partitive		-maa	-mia
inessive		-massa	-missa
elative		-masta	-mista
illative		-maan	-miin
adessive		-malla	-milla
ablative		-malta	-milta
allative		-malle	-mille
essive		-mana	-mina
translative		-maksi	-miksi
instructive		—	-min
abessive		-matta	-mitta
comitative		—	-mine

Possessive forms of -ma (type koira)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -mani -mani accusative nom. -mani -mani gen. -mani genitive -mani -mieni -mainirare partitive -maani -miani inessive -massani -missani elative -mastani -mistani illative -maani -miini adessive -mallani -millani ablative -maltani -miltani allative -malleni -milleni essive -manani -minani translative -makseni -mikseni instructive — — abessive -mattani -mittani comitative — -mineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -masi -masi accusative nom. -masi -masi gen. -masi genitive -masi -miesi -maisirare partitive -maasi -miasi inessive -massasi -missasi elative -mastasi -mistasi illative -maasi -miisi adessive -mallasi -millasi ablative -maltasi -miltasi allative -mallesi -millesi essive -manasi -minasi translative -maksesi -miksesi instructive — — abessive -mattasi -mittasi comitative — -minesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -mamme -mamme accusative nom. -mamme -mamme gen. -mamme genitive -mamme -miemme -maimmerare partitive -maamme -miamme inessive -massamme -missamme elative -mastamme -mistamme illative -maamme -miimme adessive -mallamme -millamme ablative -maltamme -miltamme allative -mallemme -millemme essive -manamme -minamme translative -maksemme -miksemme instructive — — abessive -mattamme -mittamme comitative — -minemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -manne -manne accusative nom. -manne -manne gen. -manne genitive -manne -mienne -mainnerare partitive -maanne -mianne inessive -massanne -missanne elative -mastanne -mistanne illative -maanne -miinne adessive -mallanne -millanne ablative -maltanne -miltanne allative -mallenne -millenne essive -mananne -minanne translative -maksenne -miksenne instructive — — abessive -mattanne -mittanne comitative — -minenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -mansa -mansa accusative nom. -mansa -mansa gen. -mansa genitive -mansa -miensa -mainsarare partitive -maansa -miaan -miansa inessive -massaan -massansa -missaan -missansa elative -mastaan -mastansa -mistaan -mistansa illative -maansa -miinsa adessive -mallaan -mallansa -millaan -millansa ablative -maltaan -maltansa -miltaan -miltansa allative -malleen -mallensa -milleen -millensa essive -manaan -manansa -minaan -minansa translative -makseen -maksensa -mikseen -miksensa instructive — — abessive -mattaan -mattansa -mittaan -mittansa comitative — -mineen -minensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ma (participial)

Garo

Etymology

Might be somewhat related to Chinese 嗎／吗. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Suffix

-ma

1. Final particle which turns the sentence into a polar question.

Hungarian

Etymology

Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.. The neologists formed new words with it after artificially deducing it from words ending in -ma/-me.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mɒ]

Suffix

-ma

1. (noun suffix, rare) Added to a word to form a noun.

   játszik (“to play”) → játszma (“game, match”)

Usage notes

• (noun suffix) No longer productive. Harmonic variants:

  -ma is added to back vowel words

  -me is added to front vowel words

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	-ma	-mák
accusative	-mát	-mákat
dative	-mának	-máknak
instrumental	-mával	-mákkal
causal-final	-máért	-mákért
translative	-mává	-mákká
terminative	-máig	-mákig
essive-formal	-maként	-mákként
essive-modal	-mául	-mákul
inessive	-mában	-mákban
superessive	-mán	-mákon
adessive	-mánál	-máknál
illative	-mába	-mákba
sublative	-mára	-mákra
allative	-mához	-mákhoz
elative	-mából	-mákból
delative	-máról	-mákról
ablative	-mától	-máktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	-máé	-máké
non-attributive possessive - plural	-máéi	-mákéi

Possessive forms of -ma
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	-mám	-máim
2nd person sing.	-mád	-máid
3rd person sing.	-mája	-mái
1st person plural	-mánk	-máink
2nd person plural	-mátok	-máitok
3rd person plural	-májuk	-máik

Derived terms

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -ma

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Kambera

Pronoun

-ma

1. first person plural exclusive genitive enclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics

	Nominative	Genitive	Accusative	Dative
1sg	ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
2sg	mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
3sg	na-	-na	-ya	-nya
1pl.incl	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
2pl	mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
3pl	da-	-da	-ha	-nja

Laboya

Pronoun

-ma

1. first person plural exclusive subject enclitic
2. first person plural exclusive possessive enclitic

See also

Laboya pronominal clitics

	Subject	Subject/Possessive	Object
Person
1sg	gu-	-gu	-ga
2sg	mu-	-mu	-gu
3sg	na-	-na	-ni
1pl.incl	da-	-da	-da
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-gama
2pl	mi-	-mi	-gimi
3pl	ɗa-	-ɗa	-di

Latvian

Alternative forms

• -me
• -sme

Suffix

-ma

1. Added to adjectives (sometimes to nouns) to form abstract nouns, especially those referring to the state or property that corresponds to the original adjective (like, e.g., Eng. -ity).

Derived terms

Latvian terms suffixed with -ma

Maquiritari

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ma]

Suffix

-ma

1. Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations.

Usage notes

Derivations with this suffix are often not transparent, with various changes being found in the stem. Quite likely such derivations are old and this suffix has long since stopped being productive.

Derived terms

Maquiritari terms suffixed with -ma

References

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-ma”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 148

Murui Huitoto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ma]

Classifier

-ma

1. Classifier for masculine animate nouns.

Coordinate terms

• -ño

Derived terms

Murui Huitoto terms suffixed with -ma

Related terms

• -mɨe

References

• Shirley Burtch (1983) Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎^[1] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 170
• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[2], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 207

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• -𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• -म (Devanagari script)
• -ম (Bengali script)
• -ම (Sinhalese script)
• -မ (Burmese script)
• -ม or -มะ (Thai script)
• -ᨾ (Tai Tham script)
• -ມ or -ມະ (Lao script)
• -ម (Khmer script)
• -𑄟 (Chakma script)

Suffix

-ma

1. masculine/neuter vocative singular of -mant

Turkish

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish ـما‎ (-ma).

Suffix

-ma

1. Form of -me (negates verbs) after the vowels A / I / O / U.

   Artık senin için ağlamayacağım.

   I won't weep for you any more.

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish ـمه‎ (-ma).

Suffix

-ma

1. Form of -me (forms verbal nouns) after the vowels A / I / O / U.

   Unutulmayı hiç sevmem.

   I really don't like to be forgotten.

Warlpiri

Suffix

-ma

1. causative suffix; to cause to do (the resulting verb is a ni-class verb)