-va
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *-pa, from Proto-Uralic *-pa. In the participial sense, the Finnish form descends from the weak-grade variant *-ba, which was eventually extended by analogy to all verbs. The original strong grade remains as -pa in a few words (e.g. syöpä, käypä, kaikkivoipa), but these have lost their verbal meaning. The adjective ending has also been generalized to its weak form (*-ba) through similar developments.
SuffixEdit
-va (front vowel harmony variant -vä)
- Forms the present active participle of a verb, which is normally used like an adjective. The English equivalent is normally -ing, but sometimes also -ish.
- kirjoittaa (“to write”) + -va → kirjoittava (“writing, that writes”)
- punertaa (“to redden”) + -va → punertava (“reddish”)
- Forms an adjective from a noun.
Usage notesEdit
- (participial): Some inflected forms have specific uses:
- genitive singular: used with verbs of reporting or observing to refer to someone doing an action according to that report or observation.
- Hänen sanotaan tekevän sen.
- It was said that s/he would do it.
- essive plural: used with possessive suffix and olla to mean someone is feigning or pretending to do something (see olla olevinaan)
- Hän oli lukevinaan kirjaa.
- S/he pretended to read a book.
- genitive singular: used with verbs of reporting or observing to refer to someone doing an action according to that report or observation.
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of -va (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -va | -vat | |
genitive | -van | -vien | |
partitive | -vaa | -via | |
illative | -vaan | -viin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -va | -vat | |
accusative | nom. | -va | -vat |
gen. | -van | ||
genitive | -van | -vien -vainrare | |
partitive | -vaa | -via | |
inessive | -vassa | -vissa | |
elative | -vasta | -vista | |
illative | -vaan | -viin | |
adessive | -valla | -villa | |
ablative | -valta | -vilta | |
allative | -valle | -ville | |
essive | -vana | -vina | |
translative | -vaksi | -viksi | |
instructive | — | -vin | |
abessive | -vatta | -vitta | |
comitative | — | -vine |
Possessive forms of -va (type koira) | ||
---|---|---|
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | -vani | -vamme |
2nd person | -vasi | -vanne |
3rd person | -vansa |
Derived termsEdit
AnagramsEdit
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-va
- (adverbial-participle suffix) Added to a verb to form the adverbial participle.
- Expressing an action done simultaneously by the subject of the main clause, like the English -ing form functioning as a participle (rather than a noun).
- úszik (“to swim”) →
- Úszva jött ide. ― He came here swimming.
- construed with van (“to be”), sometimes omitted: Expressing the result of a preceding action suffered or experienced (that is, with a passive sense), comparable to the past participle -ed.
- zár (“to close”) → zárva (van) (“(it is/has been) closed”, with the implication that it is currently inaccessible)
- Expressing an action done simultaneously by the subject of the main clause, like the English -ing form functioning as a participle (rather than a noun).
Usage notesEdit
- (adverbial participle suffix) Variants:
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
LatinEdit
PronunciationEdit
- -va: (Classical) IPA(key): /u̯a/, [u̯ä]
- -va: (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /va/, [vä]
- -vā: (Classical) IPA(key): /u̯aː/, [u̯äː]
- -vā: (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /va/, [vä]
SuffixEdit
-va
- inflection of -vus:
SuffixEdit
-vā
PaliEdit
Alternative formsEdit
SuffixEdit
-va
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Probably from va, the popular (folk) variant of the third-person singular indicative form of the verb vrea (“to want”) (cf. also its usage as an auxiliary verb, or in conjugated forms of (a) voi).
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-va