-va

See also: Appendix:Variations of "va"

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-pa, from Proto-Uralic *-pa. In the participial sense, the Finnish form descends from the weak-grade variant *-ba, which was eventually extended by analogy to all verbs. The original strong grade remains as -pa in a few words (e.g. syöpä, käypä, kaikkivoipa), but these have lost their verbal meaning. The adjective ending has also been generalized to its weak form (*-ba) through similar developments.

Suffix

-va (front vowel harmony variant -vä)

2. Forms the present active participle of a verb, which is normally used like an adjective. The English equivalent is normally -ing, but sometimes also -ish.

   ‎kirjoittaa (“to write”) + ‎-va → ‎kirjoittava (“writing, that writes”)

   ‎punertaa (“to redden”) + ‎-va → ‎punertava (“reddish”)

4. Forms an adjective from a noun.

   ‎liha (“flesh, meat”) + ‎-va → ‎lihava (“fat”)

   ‎käsi (“hand”) + ‎-va → ‎kätevä (“handy”)

   ‎tila (“space”) + ‎-va → ‎tilava (“spacious”)

   ‎terä (“cutting edge”) + ‎-va → ‎terävä (“sharp”)

   ‎rinta (“breast”) + ‎-va → ‎rintava (“buxom”)

Usage notes

• (participial): Some inflected forms have specific uses:
  • genitive singular: used with verbs of reporting or observing to refer to someone doing an action according to that report or observation.

    Hänen sanotaan tekevän sen.

    It was said that s/he would do it.

  • essive plural: used with possessive suffix and olla to mean someone is feigning or pretending to do something (see olla olevinaan)

    Hän oli lukevinaan kirjaa.

    S/he pretended to read a book.

Declension

Inflection of -va (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		-va	-vat
genitive		-van	-vien
partitive		-vaa	-via
illative		-vaan	-viin
		singular	plural
nominative		-va	-vat
accusative	nom.	-va	-vat
	gen.	-van
genitive		-van	-vien -vainrare
partitive		-vaa	-via
inessive		-vassa	-vissa
elative		-vasta	-vista
illative		-vaan	-viin
adessive		-valla	-villa
ablative		-valta	-vilta
allative		-valle	-ville
essive		-vana	-vina
translative		-vaksi	-viksi
instructive		—	-vin
abessive		-vatta	-vitta
comitative		—	-vine

Possessive forms of -va (type koira)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	-vani	-vamme
2nd person	-vasi	-vanne
3rd person	-vansa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -va (participial)

Finnish terms suffixed with -va (adjectival)

• See also Category:Finnish present active participles.

Anagrams

• av

Hungarian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [vɒ]
• Rhymes: -vɒ

Suffix

-va

1. (adverbial-participle suffix) Added to a verb to form the adverbial participle.
   1. Expressing an action done simultaneously by the subject of the main clause, like the English -ing form functioning as a participle (rather than a noun).

      úszik (“to swim”) →

      Úszva jött ide. ― He came here swimming.

   2. construed with van (“to be”), sometimes omitted: Expressing the result of a preceding action suffered or experienced (that is, with a passive sense), comparable to the past participle -ed.

      zár (“to close”) → zárva (van) (“(it is/has been) closed”, with the implication that it is currently inaccessible)

Usage notes

• (adverbial participle suffix) Variants:

  -va is added to back-vowel verbs

  fut (“to run”) → Futva jöttek vissza. (“They came back running.”)

  -ve is added to front-vowel verbs

  ismer (“to know”) → Ismerve téged, elfogadom a véleményedet. (“Knowing you, I accept your opinion.”)

  -ván a less frequent variant of -va

  szól (“to speak”) → Az írásról szólván, mikor jelenik meg a legújabb könyve? (“Speaking of writing, when will your next book be published?”)

  -vén a less frequent variant of -ve

  ismer (“to know”) → Nem ismervén a tényeket, erre a kérdésre nem tudok válaszolni. (“Not knowing the facts, I can't answer this question.”)

Derived terms

• Category:Hungarian adverbial participles

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Latin

Pronunciation

• -va: (Classical) IPA^(key): /u̯a/, [u̯ä]
• -va: (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /va/, [vä]
• -vā: (Classical) IPA^(key): /u̯aː/, [u̯äː]
• -vā: (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /va/, [vä]

Suffix

-va

1. inflection of -vus:
   1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Suffix

-vā

1. ablative feminine singular of -vus

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• -𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• -व (Devanagari script)
• -ৰ (Bengali script)
• -ව (Sinhalese script)
• -ဝ (Burmese script)
• -ว or -วะ (Thai script)
• -ᩅ (Tai Tham script)
• -ວ or -ວະ (Lao script)
• -វ (Khmer script)
• -𑅇 (Chakma script)

Suffix

-va

1. masculine/neuter vocative singular of -vant

Romanian

Etymology

Probably from va, the popular (folk) variant of the third-person singular indicative form of the verb vrea (“to want”) (cf. also its usage as an auxiliary verb, or in conjugated forms of (a) voi).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /va/

Suffix

-va

1. suffixed to some adverbs and preopositions, meaning "some"

   ‎ce (“what”) + ‎-va → ‎ceva (“something”)

   ‎cine (“who”) + ‎-va → ‎cineva (“someone”)

   ‎unde (“where”) + ‎-va → ‎undeva (“somewhere”)

   ‎când (“when”) + ‎-va → ‎cândva (“sometime”)

   ‎cum (“how”) + ‎-va → ‎cumva (“somehow”)