Estonian

edit

Suffix

edit

-va

  1. accusative/genitive singular of -v

Finnish

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Finnic *-pa, from Proto-Uralic *-pa. In the participial sense, the Finnish form descends from the weak-grade variant *-ba, which was eventually extended by analogy to all verbs. The original strong grade remains as -pa in a few words (e.g. syöpä, käypä, kaikkivoipa), but these have lost their verbal meaning. The adjective ending has also been generalized to its weak form (*-ba) through similar developments.

Suffix

edit

-va (front vowel harmony variant -vä, linguistic notation -vA)

  1. Forms the present active participle of a verb, which is normally used like an adjective. The English equivalent is normally -ing, but sometimes also -ish.
    kirjoittaa (to write) + ‎-va → ‎kirjoittava (writing, that writes)
    punertaa (to redden) + ‎-va → ‎punertava (reddish)
  2. Forms an adjective from a noun.
    liha (flesh, meat) + ‎-va → ‎lihava (fat)
    käsi (hand) + ‎-va → ‎käte (handy)
    tila (space) + ‎-va → ‎tilava (spacious)
    terä (cutting edge) + ‎-va → ‎terä (sharp)
    rinta (breast) + ‎-va → ‎rintava (buxom)

Usage notes

edit
  • (participial): Some inflected forms have specific uses:
    • genitive singular: used with verbs of reporting or observing to refer to someone doing an action according to that report or observation.
      Hänen sanotaan tekevän sen.
      It was said that s/he would do it.
    • essive plural: used with possessive suffix and olla to mean someone is feigning or pretending to do something (see olla olevinaan)
      Hän oli lukevinaan kirjaa.
      S/he pretended to read a book.

Declension

edit
Inflection of -va (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative -va -vat
genitive -van -vien
partitive -vaa -via
illative -vaan -viin
singular plural
nominative -va -vat
accusative nom. -va -vat
gen. -van
genitive -van -vien
-vain rare
partitive -vaa -via
inessive -vassa -vissa
elative -vasta -vista
illative -vaan -viin
adessive -valla -villa
ablative -valta -vilta
allative -valle -ville
essive -vana -vina
translative -vaksi -viksi
abessive -vatta -vitta
instructive -vin
comitative -vine
Possessive forms of -va (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -vani -vani
accusative nom. -vani -vani
gen. -vani
genitive -vani -vieni
-vaini rare
partitive -vaani -viani
inessive -vassani -vissani
elative -vastani -vistani
illative -vaani -viini
adessive -vallani -villani
ablative -valtani -viltani
allative -valleni -villeni
essive -vanani -vinani
translative -vakseni -vikseni
abessive -vattani -vittani
instructive
comitative -vineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -vasi -vasi
accusative nom. -vasi -vasi
gen. -vasi
genitive -vasi -viesi
-vaisi rare
partitive -vaasi -viasi
inessive -vassasi -vissasi
elative -vastasi -vistasi
illative -vaasi -viisi
adessive -vallasi -villasi
ablative -valtasi -viltasi
allative -vallesi -villesi
essive -vanasi -vinasi
translative -vaksesi -viksesi
abessive -vattasi -vittasi
instructive
comitative -vinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -vamme -vamme
accusative nom. -vamme -vamme
gen. -vamme
genitive -vamme -viemme
-vaimme rare
partitive -vaamme -viamme
inessive -vassamme -vissamme
elative -vastamme -vistamme
illative -vaamme -viimme
adessive -vallamme -villamme
ablative -valtamme -viltamme
allative -vallemme -villemme
essive -vanamme -vinamme
translative -vaksemme -viksemme
abessive -vattamme -vittamme
instructive
comitative -vinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -vanne -vanne
accusative nom. -vanne -vanne
gen. -vanne
genitive -vanne -vienne
-vainne rare
partitive -vaanne -vianne
inessive -vassanne -vissanne
elative -vastanne -vistanne
illative -vaanne -viinne
adessive -vallanne -villanne
ablative -valtanne -viltanne
allative -vallenne -villenne
essive -vananne -vinanne
translative -vaksenne -viksenne
abessive -vattanne -vittanne
instructive
comitative -vinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative -vansa -vansa
accusative nom. -vansa -vansa
gen. -vansa
genitive -vansa -viensa
-vainsa rare
partitive -vaansa -viaan
-viansa
inessive -vassaan
-vassansa
-vissaan
-vissansa
elative -vastaan
-vastansa
-vistaan
-vistansa
illative -vaansa -viinsa
adessive -vallaan
-vallansa
-villaan
-villansa
ablative -valtaan
-valtansa
-viltaan
-viltansa
allative -valleen
-vallensa
-villeen
-villensa
essive -vanaan
-vanansa
-vinaan
-vinansa
translative -vakseen
-vaksensa
-vikseen
-viksensa
abessive -vattaan
-vattansa
-vittaan
-vittansa
instructive
comitative -vineen
-vinensa

Derived terms

edit

Anagrams

edit

Hungarian

edit

Etymology

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

edit

Suffix

edit

-va

  1. (adverbial-participle suffix) Added to a verb to form the adverbial participle.
    1. Expressing an action done simultaneously by the subject of the main clause, like the English -ing form functioning as a participle (rather than a noun).
      úszik (to swim)
      Úszva jött ide.He came here swimming.
    2. construed with van (to be), sometimes omitted: Expressing the result of a preceding action suffered or experienced (that is, with a passive sense), comparable to the past participle -ed.
      zár (to close)zárva (van) ((it is/has been) closed, with the implication that it is currently inaccessible)

Usage notes

edit
  • (adverbial participle suffix) Variants:
    -va is added to back-vowel verbs
    fut (to run)Futva jöttek vissza.They came back running.
    -ve is added to front-vowel verbs
    ismer (to know)Ismerve téged, elfogadom a véleményedet.Knowing you, I accept your opinion.
    -ván a less frequent variant of -va
    szól (to speak)Az írásról szólván, mikor jelenik meg a legújabb könyve?Speaking of writing, when will your next book be published?
    -vén a less frequent variant of -ve
    ismer (to know)Nem ismervén a tényeket, erre a kérdésre nem tudok válaszolni.Not knowing the facts, I can't answer this question.

Derived terms

edit

See also

edit

Latin

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Suffix

edit

-va

  1. inflection of -vus:
    1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
    2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Suffix

edit

-vā

  1. ablative feminine singular of -vus

Pali

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Suffix

edit

-va

  1. masculine/neuter vocative singular of -vant

Romanian

edit

Etymology

edit

Probably from va, the popular (folk) variant of the third-person singular indicative form of the verb vrea (to want) (cf. also its usage as an auxiliary verb, or in conjugated forms of (a) voi).

Pronunciation

edit

Suffix

edit

-va

  1. suffixed to some adverbs and preopositions, meaning "some"
    ce (what) + ‎-va → ‎ceva (something)
    cine (who) + ‎-va → ‎cineva (someone)
    unde (where) + ‎-va → ‎undeva (somewhere)
    când (when) + ‎-va → ‎cândva (sometime)
    cum (how) + ‎-va → ‎cumva (somehow)