FinnishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *-pa, from Proto-Uralic *-pa. In the participial sense, the Finnish form descends from the weak-grade variant *-ba, which was eventually extended by analogy to all verbs. The original strong grade remains as -pa in a few words (e.g. syöpä, käypä, kaikkivoipa), but these have lost their verbal meaning. The adjective ending has also been generalized to its weak form (*-ba) through similar developments.

SuffixEdit

-va (front vowel harmony variant -vä)

  1. Forms the present active participle of a verb, which is normally used like an adjective. The English equivalent is normally -ing, but sometimes also -ish.
    kirjoittaa (to write) + ‎-va → ‎kirjoittava (writing, that writes)
    punertaa (to redden) + ‎-va → ‎punertava (reddish)
  2. Forms an adjective from a noun.
    liha (flesh, meat) + ‎-va → ‎lihava (fat)
    käsi (hand) + ‎-va → ‎käte (handy)
    tila (space) + ‎-va → ‎tilava (spacious)
    terä (cutting edge) + ‎-va → ‎terä (sharp)
    rinta (breast) + ‎-va → ‎rintava (buxom)

Usage notesEdit

  • (participial): Some inflected forms have specific uses:
    • genitive singular: used with verbs of reporting or observing to refer to someone doing an action according to that report or observation.
      Hänen sanotaan tekevän sen.
      It was said that s/he would do it.
    • essive plural: used with possessive suffix and olla to mean someone is feigning or pretending to do something (see olla olevinaan)
      Hän oli lukevinaan kirjaa.
      S/he pretended to read a book.

DeclensionEdit

Inflection of -va (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative -va -vat
genitive -van -vien
partitive -vaa -via
illative -vaan -viin
singular plural
nominative -va -vat
accusative nom. -va -vat
gen. -van
genitive -van -vien
-vainrare
partitive -vaa -via
inessive -vassa -vissa
elative -vasta -vista
illative -vaan -viin
adessive -valla -villa
ablative -valta -vilta
allative -valle -ville
essive -vana -vina
translative -vaksi -viksi
instructive -vin
abessive -vatta -vitta
comitative -vine
Possessive forms of -va (type koira)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
possessor singular plural
1st person -vani -vamme
2nd person -vasi -vanne
3rd person -vansa

Derived termsEdit

AnagramsEdit

HungarianEdit

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-va

  1. (adverbial-participle suffix) Added to a verb to form the adverbial participle.
    1. Expressing an action done simultaneously by the subject of the main clause, like the English -ing form functioning as a participle (rather than a noun).
      úszik (to swim)
      Úszva jött ide.He came here swimming.
    2. construed with van (to be), sometimes omitted: Expressing the result of a preceding action suffered or experienced (that is, with a passive sense), comparable to the past participle -ed.
      zár (to close)zárva (van) ((it is/has been) closed, with the implication that it is currently inaccessible)

Usage notesEdit

  • (adverbial participle suffix) Variants:
    -va is added to back-vowel verbs
    fut (to run)Futva jöttek vissza. (They came back running.)
    -ve is added to front-vowel verbs
    ismer (to know)Ismerve téged, elfogadom a véleményedet. (Knowing you, I accept your opinion.)
    -ván a less frequent variant of -va
    szól (to speak)Az írásról szólván, mikor jelenik meg a legújabb könyve? (Speaking of writing, when will your next book be published?)
    -vén a less frequent variant of -ve
    ismer (to know)Nem ismervén a tényeket, erre a kérdésre nem tudok válaszolni. (Not knowing the facts, I can't answer this question.)

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

LatinEdit

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-va

  1. inflection of -vus:
    1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
    2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

SuffixEdit

-vā

  1. ablative feminine singular of -vus

PaliEdit

Alternative formsEdit

SuffixEdit

-va

  1. masculine/neuter vocative singular of -vant

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Probably from va, the popular (folk) variant of the third-person singular indicative form of the verb vrea (to want) (cf. also its usage as an auxiliary verb, or in conjugated forms of (a) voi).

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-va

  1. suffixed to some adverbs and preopositions, meaning "some"
    ce (what) + ‎-va → ‎ceva (something)
    cine (who) + ‎-va → ‎cineva (someone)
    unde (where) + ‎-va → ‎undeva (somewhere)
    când (when) + ‎-va → ‎cândva (sometime)
    cum (how) + ‎-va → ‎cumva (somehow)