Karjala
See also: karjala
Finnish
editEtymology
editkarja + -la. In the sense "Karelia", most likely in the older (and now obsolete) "army" sense of karja (as borrowed from Proto-Germanic *harjaz), although it could also have the modern meaning "livestock, cattle", if it originally meant "an area that could support large amounts of livestock". Alternatively, Saarikivi (2024) has proposed that the name could originate from a given name like *Karie, *Karei, if the form *Kariela is actually original.[1] The municipality in southwestern Finland may be named after Karjakoski (karja + koski), a village near Mynämäki.[2]
Pronunciation
editProper noun
editKarjala
- Karelia (region shared between Russia and Finland)
- A former municipality of Varsinais-Suomi, in southwestern Finland.
- a Finnish surname
Usage notes
edit- The Russian Republic of Karelia is referred to as Karjalan tasavalta in Finnish.
Declension
editInflection of Karjala (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | Karjala | Karjalat | |
genitive | Karjalan | Karjaloiden Karjaloitten | |
partitive | Karjalaa | Karjaloita | |
illative | Karjalaan | Karjaloihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | Karjala | Karjalat | |
accusative | nom. | Karjala | Karjalat |
gen. | Karjalan | ||
genitive | Karjalan | Karjaloiden Karjaloitten Karjalain rare | |
partitive | Karjalaa | Karjaloita | |
inessive | Karjalassa | Karjaloissa | |
elative | Karjalasta | Karjaloista | |
illative | Karjalaan | Karjaloihin | |
adessive | Karjalalla | Karjaloilla | |
ablative | Karjalalta | Karjaloilta | |
allative | Karjalalle | Karjaloille | |
essive | Karjalana | Karjaloina | |
translative | Karjalaksi | Karjaloiksi | |
abessive | Karjalatta | Karjaloitta | |
instructive | — | Karjaloin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
editStatistics
edit- Karjala is the 2558th (tied with 6 other surnames) most common surname in Finland, belonging to 314 individuals, according to February 2023 data from the Digital and Population Data Services Agency of Finland.
References
edit- ^ Janne Saarikivi (2024) “Vieläkin sananen itämerensuomalaisten etnonyymien tutkimuksesta”, in Sofia Björklöf, editor, Itämeren kieliapajilta Volgan verkoille: Pühendusteos Riho Grünthalile 22. mail 2024 (Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia; 278), Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, pages 594–610
- ^ Sirkka Paikkala, editor (2007), Suomalainen paikannimikirja [Book of Finnish Place names] (in Finnish), Helsinki: Karttakeskus, Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus, →ISBN
Further reading
edit- Disambiguation page on Karjala on the Finnish Wikipedia.Wikipedia fi.
Ingrian
editEtymology
editFrom karjala (“Karelian”). Akin to Finnish Karjala and Estonian Karjala.
Pronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrjɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑrjəɫ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrjɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑrjɑɫɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑrjɑl, -ɑrjɑlɑ
- Hyphenation: Kar‧ja‧la
Proper noun
editKarjala
- Karelia (a region of Russia and Finland)
- 1916, Volmari Porkka, quoting Mapu Uudestakylestä, “1286. Soikkola, Oussimäki, III151”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot[1], volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 1-2:
- Kasvoi kaksi poikoi lasta, // Yksi kasvoi Karjalassa;
- There grew two little boys, // One grew in Karelia;
Declension
editDeclension of Karjala (type 3/kana, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | Karjala | Karjalat |
genitive | Karjalan | Karjaloin |
partitive | Karjalaa | Karjaloja |
illative | Karjalaa | Karjaloihe |
inessive | Karjalaas | Karjalois |
elative | Karjalast | Karjaloist |
allative | Karjalalle | Karjaloille |
adessive | Karjalaal | Karjaloil |
ablative | Karjalalt | Karjaloilt |
translative | Karjalaks | Karjaloiks |
essive | Karjalanna, Karjalaan | Karjaloinna, Karjaloin |
exessive1) | Karjalant | Karjaloint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Categories:
- Finnish terms suffixed with -la (toponym)
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑrjɑlɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑrjɑlɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish proper nouns
- fi:Historical political subdivisions
- fi:Places in Finland
- Finnish surnames
- Finnish kulkija-type nominals
- fi:Regions of Finland
- fi:Republics of Russia
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑrjɑl
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑrjɑl/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑrjɑlɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑrjɑlɑ/3 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian proper nouns
- izh:Regions of Finland
- izh:Places in Russia
- izh:Places in Finland
- Ingrian terms with quotations