karjala
See also: Karjala
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
See Karjala.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
karjala
- The Karelian language; a Finno-Ugric language spoken by about 100,000 people in Karelia. It is closely related to Finnish.
Usage notes edit
In Karelian, as well as in Finnish, the names of languages are written with a lower case initial.
Declension edit
Inflection of karjala (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | karjala | karjalat | ||
genitive | karjalan | karjaloiden karjaloitten | ||
partitive | karjalaa | karjaloita | ||
illative | karjalaan | karjaloihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | karjala | karjalat | ||
accusative | nom. | karjala | karjalat | |
gen. | karjalan | |||
genitive | karjalan | karjaloiden karjaloitten karjalainrare | ||
partitive | karjalaa | karjaloita | ||
inessive | karjalassa | karjaloissa | ||
elative | karjalasta | karjaloista | ||
illative | karjalaan | karjaloihin | ||
adessive | karjalalla | karjaloilla | ||
ablative | karjalalta | karjaloilta | ||
allative | karjalalle | karjaloille | ||
essive | karjalana | karjaloina | ||
translative | karjalaksi | karjaloiksi | ||
abessive | karjalatta | karjaloitta | ||
instructive | — | karjaloin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Synonyms edit
- karjalan kieli
Derived terms edit
compounds
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “karjala”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic [Term?]. Cognates include Finnish karjala and Karelian karjala/kariela.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrjɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑrjəɫ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrjɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑrjɑɫɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑrjɑl, -ɑrjɑlɑ
- Hyphenation: kar‧ja‧la
Noun edit
karjala
- (in the plural) Karelians
- (in the singular) Karelian language
- (in the plural, dated, rare) Ingrians
- (in the singular, dated, rare) Ingrian language
Declension edit
Declension of karjala (type 3/kana, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | karjala | karjalat |
genitive | karjalan | karjaloin |
partitive | karjalaa | karjaloja |
illative | karjalaa | karjaloihe |
inessive | karjalaas | karjalois |
elative | karjalast | karjaloist |
allative | karjalalle | karjaloille |
adessive | karjalaal | karjaloil |
ablative | karjalalt | karjaloilt |
translative | karjalaks | karjaloiks |
essive | karjalanna, karjalaan | karjaloinna, karjaloin |
exessive1) | karjalant | karjaloint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Synonyms edit
- (Ingrian): ižora
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 137
Karelian edit
North Karelian (Viena) |
karjala |
---|---|
South Karelian (Tver) |
kariela |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic [Term?]. Cognates include Finnish karjala and Ingrian karjala.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
karjala (genitive karjalan, partitive karjalua)
- (North Karelian) Karelian language
Declension edit
Viena Karelian declension of karjala (type 4/kala, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | karjala | karjalat | |
genitive | karjalan | karjalojen | |
partitive | karjalua | karjaloja | |
illative | karjalah | karjaloih | |
inessive | karjalašša | karjaloissa | |
elative | karjalašta | karjaloista | |
adessive | karjalalla | karjaloilla | |
ablative | karjalalta | karjaloilta | |
translative | karjalakši | karjaloiksi | |
essive | karjalana | karjaloina | |
comitative | — | karjaloineh | |
abessive | karjalatta | karjaloitta |
Possessive forms of karjala | ||
---|---|---|
1st person | karjalani | |
2nd person | karjalaš | |
3rd person | karjalah | |
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. |
References edit
- P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “карельский”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN