BasqueEdit

SuffixEdit

-ka

  1. Used to form adverbs from nouns.
    tarte (gap, interval) + ‎-ka → ‎tarteka (intermittently)
    1. looking for
      ote (gorse, furze) + ‎-ka → ‎oteka (looking for gorse)
    2. divided in, distributed in
      talde (group) + ‎-ka → ‎taldeka (in groups)

Derived termsEdit

CurripacoEdit

SuffixEdit

-ka

  1. progressive tense marker
    nuiraka : I am drinking

ReferencesEdit

  • Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398

CzechEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

SuffixEdit

-ka

  1. appended to words to create a feminine version of a noun, especially a profession, origin, or proper name
    lékař + ‎-ka → ‎lékařka
  2. appended to words to create a diminutive form of a noun
    vlna + ‎-ka → ‎vlnka

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • -ka in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

FinnishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *-ka, from Proto-Uralic *-ka. Originally probably an emphatic particle.

CliticEdit

-ka

  1. (non-productive) Used for emphasis or for prosodic purposes
    eiei
    saatisaatikka
    1. (non-productive) Extends monosyllabic stems to avoid words with only a single light syllable.
      jo-joka, ku-kuka, mi-mi

Usage notesEdit

  • This suffix is no longer productive.
  • In some words the suffix may appear as -kka; this is either due to the previous word incurring gemination, or from an earlier -hka (with a preceding -h-).

Derived termsEdit

HungarianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finno-Ugric. Compare Finnish -kka.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-ka

  1. (diminutive suffix) Added to a word to express smallness, youth, unimportance, or endearment. When added to present participles, it can also express the instrument or place of the action indicated in the base word.
    cukor (sugar)cukorka (candy)
    asztal (table)asztalka (small table)
    jár (to walk)járó (walking)járóka (playpen)

Usage notesEdit

  • (diminutive suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -ka is added to back vowel words
    -ke is added to front vowel words

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

IlocanoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

-ka

  1. Second-person absolutive enclitic personal pronoun

See alsoEdit

IngrianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Finnic *-ka. Cognates include Finnish -ka.

PronunciationEdit

CliticEdit

-ka (front-vowel variant -kä)

  1. Used to turn a clause interrogative.
  2. Used after negative verbs to join two verb clauses: neither, nor, and not
Usage notesEdit
  • In the interrogative function, when added to verbs, -ka is only used after the consonant -t. Otherwise, the reduced form -k or its alternative form -ko/-kö is used.
  • In the joining function, an alternative -k is (rarely) also used.

SuffixEdit

-ka (front vowel variant -kä)

  1. (unproductive) Used in some words to introduce an interrogative aspect.
    Proto-Finnic *mi- + ‎-ka → ‎mikä
    Proto-Finnic *ku- + ‎-ka → ‎kuka
  2. (unproductive) Used in some words to introduce a negative aspect.
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Akin to dialectal Finnish -kaa and Estonian -ga.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-ka (front vowel variant -kä)

  1. (chiefly Ala-Laukaa) Used to form the comitative case when added to a genitive of a noun.

ReferencesEdit

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 118

JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

-ka

  1. Rōmaji transcription of

KamberaEdit

PronounEdit

-ka

  1. first person singular accusative enclitic

ParticleEdit

-ka

  1. perfective aspect enclitic
    Na-mutung-ka.
    It burned down.

See alsoEdit

Lower SorbianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

SuffixEdit

-ka f

  1. added to masculine nouns to form a feminine
  2. added to feminine nouns to form a diminutive

Derived termsEdit

MaquiritariEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Alternative formsEdit

SuffixEdit

-ka

  1. Forms privative transitive verbs from nouns, with a meaning of ‘to deprive of X’, ‘to extract X from’, ‘to X away’: dis-, ex-.
Usage notesEdit

This suffix exists in related languages but is rare in spontaneous speech and possibly non-productive in Maquiritari. When it does occur, it can trigger syllable reduction and in some cases become -kkwa.

Etymology 2Edit

SuffixEdit

-ka

  1. Allomorph of -a (nonpast or past imperfective suffix) used for stems with a reducing final syllable that begins with k.

ReferencesEdit

  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-ka”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 148

Old PolishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

SuffixEdit

-ka f

  1. feminine noun suffix
    ambroże + ‎-ka → ‎ambrożka

Derived termsEdit

SuffixEdit

-ka n

  1. inflection of -ko:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative/vocative plural

PolishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Old Polish -ka, from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ka/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: ka

SuffixEdit

-ka f

  1. feminine noun suffix
    Azjata + ‎-ka → ‎Azjatka
    Synonym: -na
  2. diminutive noun suffix
    część + ‎-ka → ‎cząstka

DeclensionEdit

Derived termsEdit

SuffixEdit

-ka n

  1. inflection of -ko:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative/vocative plural

Further readingEdit

  • -ka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • -ka in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-CroatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

SuffixEdit

-ka (Cyrillic spelling -ка)

  1. Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, denoting a part, profession, feature, membership, origin, social status, complexion, proper name, abstract noun or animal's name.

See alsoEdit

SlovakEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-ka

  1. denotes that the word is a feminine version of the word it is appended to
    Talian m (Italian (man)) + -ka = Talianka f (Italian (woman))
  2. sometimes denotes a word as a diminutive
    mucha f (fly) + -ka = muška f (small fly)

DeclensionEdit

Derived termsEdit

SomaliEdit

ArticleEdit

-ka (feminine -ta)

  1. The masculine definite article; the

Usage notesEdit

  • This form is used after the consonants -b, -d, -f, -l, -n, -r, -s and -sh.
  • After words ending in -g, -aa, -i, -y and -w, the form -ga is used.

ReferencesEdit

  • Puglielli, Annarita; Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012), “ka”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga, Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN

Upper SorbianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

SuffixEdit

-ka

  1. added to masculine nouns to form a feminine
  2. added to feminine nouns to form a diminutive

Derived termsEdit

VoticEdit

EtymologyEdit

From kaaz, kaa. Compare Estonian -ga, Ingrian -ka.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /-kɑː/
  • (Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): [-kɑ]

SuffixEdit

-ka

  1. Forms the comitative case to mean "with" (accompanying, implement, etc.); added to the genitive forms.

Usage notesEdit

This suffix is not subject to vowel harmony.