Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrukkijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, bore, twist”).

Has been suggested as the origin of Vulgar Latin *trūdicāre, but this appears unlikely.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθruk.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þrukkijaną

1. to press on
2. to crowd

Inflection

Conjugation of *þrukkijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þrukkijō	*þrukkijaų	—	*þrukkijai	?
2nd singular	*þrukkīsi	*þrukkijais	*þrukkī	*þrukkijasai	*þrukkijaisau
3rd singular	*þrukkīþi	*þrukkijai	*þrukkijaþau	*þrukkijaþai	*þrukkijaiþau
1st dual	*þrukkijōs	*þrukkijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þrukkijaþiz	*þrukkijaiþiz	*þrukkijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*þrukkijamaz	*þrukkijaim	—	*þrukkijanþai	*þrukkijainþau
2nd plural	*þrukkīþ	*þrukkijaiþ	*þrukkīþ	*þrukkijanþai	*þrukkijainþau
3rd plural	*þrukkijanþi	*þrukkijain	*þrukkijanþau	*þrukkijanþai	*þrukkijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þrukkidǭ	*þrukkidēdį̄
2nd singular	*þrukkidēz	*þrukkidēdīz
3rd singular	*þrukkidē	*þrukkidēdī
1st dual	*þrukkidēdū	*þrukkidēdīw
2nd dual	*þrukkidēdudiz	*þrukkidēdīdiz
1st plural	*þrukkidēdum	*þrukkidēdīm
2nd plural	*þrukkidēdud	*þrukkidēdīd
3rd plural	*þrukkidēdun	*þrukkidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*þrukkijandz	*þrukkidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *þrukkijan
  • Old English: þryċċan
    • Middle English: thrucchen
      • English: thrutch (dialectal), druck
    • Middle English: *threkken
      • English: thrack
  • Old Frisian: thretza, thrikka
    • West Frisian: druwckjen, drukke
  • Old Saxon: thrukkian
    • Middle Low German: drücken
      • German Low German: drücken
    • → West Frisian: drukke
  • Old Dutch: *thrucken
    • Middle Dutch: drucken
      • Dutch: drukken
        • Afrikaans: druk
        • → Caribbean Javanese: nggedrig
        • → Papiamentu: drùk, druk
      • Limburgish: drókke, drökke
  • Old High German: drucchen, drukken, drucchan
    • Middle High German: drücken, drucken
      • Bavarian: druckn
      • Cimbrian: drukhan
      • German: drücken (“press”), drucken (“print”)
        • → Ladin: druché
        • → Low German: drucken
        • → Polish: drukować
          • → Belarusian: друкава́ць (drukavácʹ)
          • → Ukrainian: друкува́ти (drukuváty)
        • → Yiddish: דרוקן (drukn)
      • Luxembourgish: drécken
      • Yiddish: דריקן (drikn)
• Old Norse: þrykkja
  • Icelandic: þrykkja
  • Faroese: trykkja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: trykkja
  • Old Swedish: þrykkia
    • Swedish: trycka
  • Danish: trykke
    • Norwegian Bokmål: trykke