Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brausijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbrɑu̯.si.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brausijaną

to break; crush

Inflection

Conjugation of *brausijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*brausijō	*brausijaų	—	*brausijai	?
2nd singular	*brausīsi	*brausijais	*brausī	*brausijasai	*brausijaisau
3rd singular	*brausīþi	*brausijai	*brausijaþau	*brausijaþai	*brausijaiþau
1st dual	*brausijōs	*brausijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*brausijaþiz	*brausijaiþiz	*brausijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*brausijamaz	*brausijaim	—	*brausijanþai	*brausijainþau
2nd plural	*brausīþ	*brausijaiþ	*brausīþ	*brausijanþai	*brausijainþau
3rd plural	*brausijanþi	*brausijain	*brausijanþau	*brausijanþai	*brausijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brausidǭ	*brausidēdį̄
2nd singular	*brausidēz	*brausidēdīz
3rd singular	*brausidē	*brausidēdī
1st dual	*brausidēdū	*brausidēdīw
2nd dual	*brausidēdudiz	*brausidēdīdiz
1st plural	*brausidēdum	*brausidēdīm
2nd plural	*brausidēdud	*brausidēdīd
3rd plural	*brausidēdun	*brausidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*brausijandz	*brausidaz

Related terms

*brūsijaną

Descendants

Old English: brīesan; brȳsan (also possibly from *brūsijaną)
- Middle English: brusen, bresen, brisen
  - Scots: brizz
  - English: bruise
(Old Frisian: *brūse)
- (West Frisian: brûze)
(Old Saxon: *brūsian)
- (Middle Low German: brûsen)
  - (Low German: brusen)
- (→ Old Norse: brúsa)
  - (Danish: bruse)
  - (Swedish: brusa)
(Old Dutch: *brūsen)
- (Middle Dutch: brusen)
(Old High German: *brūsen)
- (Middle High German: brūsen)
  - (German: brausen)
(Norwegian: brosa (“storm; tempest”) (dialectal))