bruise
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”):
- Old English brȳsan, brīesan (“to bruise; crush”), from Proto-Germanic *brausijaną, *brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”). Provided the word's sense.
- Anglo-Norman bruiser, bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”), from Gaulish *brus-, from Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”). Provided the word's form.
Cognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
bruise (third-person singular simple present bruises, present participle bruising, simple past and past participle bruised)
- (transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it.
- (transitive) To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way.
- (intransitive) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly.
- Bananas bruise easily.
- (intransitive) To become bruised.
- I bruise easily.
- (intransitive) To fight with the fists; to box.
- 1854, Arthur Pendennis [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], The Newcomes: Memoirs of a Most Respectable Family, volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], →OCLC:
- Bruising was considered a fine, manly, old English custom.
- (transitive, figurative) To harm or injure.
- Her thoughtless remarks bruised my ego.
- (transitive) To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
strike (a person), giving them a bruise
|
cause fruit or vegetables to bruise
of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises
|
to get bruised
|
Noun edit
bruise (plural bruises)
- A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow.
- A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface.
Synonyms edit
- (medical): contusion (technical term), ecchymosis (differentiated in some terminologies)
- See also Thesaurus:injury
Hypernyms edit
Translations edit
medical: mark on the skin
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mark on fruit or vegetable
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Anagrams edit
Dutch edit
Verb edit
bruise
Irish edit
Noun edit
bruise f sg
Mutation edit
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| bruise | bhruise | mbruise |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bruise”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN