Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fram

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”). Related to Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”) whence Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”), Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”), German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”), Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”), Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”), Lithuanian pìrmas (“first”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɸrɑm/

Preposition

*fram

(with dative) from
(with dative) by, due to

Adverb

*fram (comparative *framiz, superlative *framist)

forth, forward
away, further

Derived terms

*framōną

Descendants

Old English: fram, from
- Middle English: from, fram, vrom, vram; fro, fra, vra, fray (from Old Norse)
  - English: from
    - → Scots: from, frome
  - Yola: vrem, vrim, vreem, vream; vrom
Old Frisian: from
Old Saxon: fram
Old Dutch: fram-
Old High German: fram
- Middle High German: vram
Old Norse: frá
- Icelandic: frá
- Faroese: frá
- Norwegian Nynorsk: frå
- Elfdalian: frą̊
- Old Swedish: frā
  - ⇒ Old Swedish: frān
    - Swedish: från
- Old Danish: fra, fraa, fran
  - Danish: fra
    - Norwegian Bokmål: fra
- → Old English: fra
  - Middle English: fra, fro
    - English: fro
    - Geordie English: frae, fra
    - Scots: frae, fra, fro, fae
Old Norse: fram
- Icelandic: fram
- Faroese: fram, frá
- Old Swedish: fram
  - Swedish: fram
- Danish: frem
  - Norwegian Bokmål: frem
- Norwegian: fram
Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram)