fram

See also: fram-

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse fram, from Proto-Germanic *fram.

Adverb

fram (comparative fremri, superlative fremst)

1. forward, ahead

Derived terms

• framførsla
• framleiða
• framleiðsla
• framløga
• framsýna
• framsýning
• framtíð

Related terms

• aftur
• eftir
• frá

German

Verb

fram

1. inflection of framen:
   1. imperative singular
   2. (colloquial) first-person singular present

Gothic

Romanization

fram

1. Romanization of 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse fram, from Proto-Germanic *fram.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /framː/
• Rhymes: -amː

Adverb

fram (comparative framar, superlative framast)

1. forth, forward

   Antonym: aftur

   fram og aftur ― back and forth

   fram og til baka ― there and back

   fram í/á ― onward into/onto

2. in a direction that is closer to the exit of the house

   Antonym: inn

   Farðu fram í stofu. ― Go to the living room (which is closer to the exit than the room we are currently in).

3. away from the coast
4. (Suðurland) towards the coast

Derived terms

prepositions

• fram hjá (“past”)
• fram með (“along”)
• fram undan (“ahead of”)

adverbs

• framhjá (“past”)
• framundan (“in front”)
• framvegis (“in the future”)

phrasal verbs

• fara fram
• fara fram á
• fyrir fram
• hrista fram úr erminni
• leggja sig fram
• skara fram úr

compounds

• frambjóðandi m (“candidate”)
• framboð n (“supply”)
• framburður m (“pronunciation”)
• framfylgja (“to implement”)
• framfæri
• framför f (“progress”)
• framganga f (“behaviour”)
• framgangur m (“progression”)
• framhald n (“continuation”)
• framherji m (“striker”)
• framhlaðinn (“front-load”)
• framhlaðningur (“musket”)
• framkoma f (“demeanor”)
• framkvæma (“to implement”)
• framkvæmd f (“implementation”)
• framlag n (“contribution”)
• framleiða (“to manufacture”)
• framleiðandi m (“manufacturer”)
• framleiðsla f (“manufacture”)
• framlenging f (“extension”)
• framlengja (“to extend”)
• framsal n (“extradition”)
• framselja (“extradite”)
• framsókn f (“progress”)
• framtak n (“initiative”)
• framtíð f (“future”)
• framvinda f (“progress”)

Related terms

• framan
• frammi

Irish

Noun

fram

1. (In phrase) frum fram (noise, uproar)

Jamaican Creole

Alternative forms

• from

Etymology

Derived from English from.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɹam/
• Hyphenation: fram

Preposition

fram

1. from

   A town yuh come fram?

   Are you from Kingston?

   • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 1:17:

     So fram Iebriyam go chriet baka Dievid, a fuotiin jinarieshan Jiizas did av. An fram Dievid taim op tu wen dem did tek we di Izrel piipl dem an fuos dem fi go wok a Babilan a fuotiin jinarieshan Jiizas did av de-so tu, an fram da taim de tu wen Krais Jiizas baan, a fuotiin jinarieshan dat tu.

     So all the generations from Abraham to David were fourteen generations, and from David to the deportation to Babylon fourteen generations, and from the deportation to Babylon to the Christ fourteen generations.

   • 2018, Ragashanti, “Man a tell lie pon food”, in The Jamaica Star‎^[1] (in Jamaican Creole):

     “Wen him see di caller a come outta har house him hear har a argue wid a man. Di man say him neva waan she order fram di restaurant an tell har not to eva order fram dem again. […] ”

     When he saw the caller exit her house, he heard her arguing with a man. The man said he didn't want her to order from the restaurant and told her not to ever order from them again. […]

Further reading

• fram at JamaicanPatwah.com

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse fram.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /frɑmː/

Adverb

fram

1. forward

Alternative forms

• frem

Derived terms

• frambringe
• framdrift
• framfor
• framheve
• framhjul
• framlegge
• frammarsj
• framover
• framskynde
• framspringende
• framstille
• framstå
• framtre
• framvekst

References

• “fram” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse fram.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /frɑmː/

Adverb

fram

1. forward

Derived terms

• framgang
• framhjul
• frammarsj
• framom
• framover
• frampå
• framstille, framstilla
• framstøyt
• framstå
• framsynt
• framvekst

References

• “fram” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /frɑm/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *fram (“forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *prom-, *pr- (“forward, through”). Akin to Old High German fram (“forth, forward”), Old Norse fram (“forward, onward”, adverb), Old Norse frá (preposition), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram).

Alternative forms

• from

Preposition

fram

1. from [with dative]
   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"

     ...þā læġ þǣr sum creopere lama fram cildhāde sē wæs dæġhwāmlīce ġeboren tō þām beorhtan ġete þæt hē ælmessan underfencge æt þām infarendum...

     Then lay there a cripple, lame from childhood, who was daily carried to the 'Beautiful' Gate, that he might receive alms from those entering.

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Passion of St. Alban, Martyr"

     Hē rād ðā on his mule mid mycelre fyrde þurh ǣnne hēahne holt mid hetelīcum ġeþance; þā ġefeng hine ān trēow be ðām fexe sona forþan þe hē wæs sīdfæxede and hē swā hangode, and sē mul arn forð fram þām ārlēasan hlāford and Dauides þeġnas hine þurhðydon.

     Then he rode on his mule with a great army through a high wood, with hostile intention; then speedily a tree caught him by the hair, because be was long-haired, and he hanged so, and the mule ran forward from the wicked lord, and David's thanes pierced him through.

2. since [with dative]
   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Passion of St. Julian and his wife Basilissa"

     Gewitað fram us, we synd wraðe geswæncte and mid fyre for-numene for iulianes intingan, æfre fram þam dæge þe ge hine ærest dræhton.

     Depart from us, we are fiercely tormented and consumed with fire, for Julian's sake, ever since the day that ye first vexed him.

3. by [with dative]
   • c. 992, Ælfric, "THE FIRST SUNDAY IN LENT"

     Se Hælend wæs gelæd fram þam Halgan Gaste to anum westene, to ðy þæt he wære gecostnod fram deofle: and he ða fæste feowertig daga and feowertig nihta, swa þæt he ne onbyrigde ætes ne wætes on eallum þam fyrste: ac siððan him hingrode.

     Jesus was led by the Holy Ghost to a waste, in order that he might be tempted by the devil: and he there fasted forty days and forty nights, so that he tasted neither food nor drink in all that time: but he then hungered."

   • early 12th century, the Peterborough Chronicle, year 1100

     On morgen æfter Hlāfmæssedæġe wearþ sē cyning Willelm on huntoþe fram his ānum menn mid āne flāne ofsċoten.

     On the morning after Lammas day, King William was out hunting when he was shot with an arrow by one of his servants.

Usage notes

The meaning 'by' is comes after or before a past participle.

Descendants

• Middle English: from, fram, vrom, vram, fro, fra, vra, fray (from Old Norse)
  • English: from
    • → Scots: from, frome
  • Yola: vrem, vreem, vream, vrim, vrom

Adverb

fram

1. forward

Derived terms

• fram-

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *fram, from Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, protruding”), from Proto-Indo-European *prom-, *pr- (“forward, through”).

Alternative forms

• from, freom

Adjective

fram

1. forward, firm, bold, stout, resolute
2. vigorous, strong
3. valiant, excellent
4. effective

Declension

Declension of fram — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	fram	framu, framo	fram
Accusative	framne	frame	fram
Genitive	frames	framre	frames
Dative	framum	framre	framum
Instrumental	frame	framre	frame
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	frame	frama, frame	framu, framo
Accusative	frame	frama, frame	framu, framo
Genitive	framra	framra	framra
Dative	framum	framum	framum
Instrumental	framum	framum	framum

Declension of fram — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	frama	frame	frame
Accusative	framan	framan	frame
Genitive	framan	framan	framan
Dative	framan	framan	framan
Instrumental	framan	framan	framan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	framan	framan	framan
Accusative	framan	framan	framan
Genitive	framra, framena	framra, framena	framra, framena
Dative	framum	framum	framum
Instrumental	framum	framum	framum

Derived terms

• framian

Related terms

• fremian
• fremman

Descendants

• Middle English: fram, frame

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *fram, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”).

Adverb

fram (comparative fremr, superlative fremst)

1. forward, forth

Derived terms

• framvíss (“prescient, foreseeing, prophetic”)

Related terms

• framr
• fremja

Descendants

• Icelandic: fram
• Faroese: fram
• Norwegian Nynorsk: fram
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: fram
• Old Swedish: fram
  • Swedish: fram
• Old Danish: fræm, fram
  • Danish: frem
    • Norwegian Bokmål: frem

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “fram”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse fram, from Proto-Germanic *fram.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fram/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

fram (not comparable)

1. forth, forward, out

   De gick fram genom skogen

   They walked forward [forth] through the forest [redundant in Swedish as well, but not as unidiomatic]

   Hären marscherade fram

   The army marched forward/forth

   Han tog fram en flaska vin

   He took out [took forth] a bottle of wine

   De hoppade fram ur skuggarna

   They jumped out of [leapt forth/forward out of] the shadows

   Till slut kom sanningen fram

   Eventually, the truth came out

   • 1907, Laura Fitinghoff, Barnen från Frostmofjället‎^[2]:

     Anna-Lisa rodnade djupt när hon ensam gick fram.

     Anna-Lisa blushed deeply when she all alone went forward.

   1. ahead

      Fortsätt rakt fram i två kilometer

      Continue straight ahead [straight forth/forward] for two kilometers

      Vägen delar sig längre fram

      The road forks up ahead [splits itself further forth/forward]

      Glöm inte att ställa fram klockan en timme imorgon

      Don't forget to set the time one hour ahead tomorrow [set forth the clock one hour tomorrow]

      1. (later) on, (further) on, etc. (when applied to time or progress or the like)

         Synonym: senare (“later”)

         Jag kommer återkomma till det längre fram i presentationen

         I will come back to that later on [further ahead/forth] in the presentation

         Det är inget vi planerar i nuläget. Men vem vet, kanske längre fram?

         That is not something we are planning at the moment. But who knows, maybe later on?

3. (towards and) to a destination, there

   Vi kom fram vid femtiden

   We got there around five o'clock

   När kommer ni fram?

   When will you arrive?

   Det tog fem timmar att åka fram och tillbaka

   It took five hours to get there and back

   Efter att ha gått genom skogen kom de fram till huset

   After walking through the forest, they arrived at the house

   Jag har kommit fram, så nu är jag framme

   I have arrived, so now I am here (at the destination)

   Hann du fram (i tid)?

   Did you get there in time?

   1. (figurative) Also of time and more abstractly.

      Vädret förblir varmt ända fram till helgen

      The weather will stay warm (all the way) until the weekend [all the way forth to the weekend]

      Laget nådde inte riktigt fram

      The team didn't quite make it [didn't quite reach the goal]

      komma fram till något

      arrive at a conclusion ["arrive at something" – intuitively more of a fixed expression to native speakers]

4. in front, front

   Byxorna har fickor fram och bak

   The trousers have pockets in the front and in the back / The trousers have pockets front and back

   Antonym: bak

Usage notes

• Except not sounding literary or formal, the meaning of fram is usually best captured by English forth. Like forth, fram can mean both forward and out (of for example something being brought out/forth, or coming out/forth (thus appearing into view)).
• (sense 2) can be thought of as forth with an often implied "to the destination."
• Used for spatial, either of movement through or of position in space, as well as temporal adverbials; in the latter usage it will often correspond to later on. It is also a particle used in the formation of Swedish phrasal verbs, e.g. "ta fram" = "bring forth" = "bring out, develop."

Derived terms

• framfart
• framför
• framme
• framtid
• framåt
• komma fram
• stiga fram
• träda fram / framträda

Related terms

• främre (comparative)
• främst (superlative)

References

• fram in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• fram in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• fram in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)