refuge

English edit

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refuge

Etymology edit

From Middle English refuge, from Old French refuge, from Latin refugium, from re- + fugiō (“flee”). Doublet of refugium.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈɹɛfjuːd͡ʒ/
- Audio (US) (file)
- Audio (Southern England) (file)

Noun edit

refuge (countable and uncountable, plural refuges)

A state of safety, protection or shelter.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
  Rocks, dens, and caves! But I in none of these / Find place or refuge.
A place providing safety, protection or shelter.
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
  One morning I had been driven to the precarious refuge afforded by the steps of the inn, after rejecting offers from the Celebrity to join him in a variety of amusements. But even here I was not free from interruption, for he was seated on a horse-block below me, playing with a fox terrier.
Something or someone turned to for safety or assistance; a recourse or resort.
- 2011 December 21, Helen Pidd, “Europeans migrate south as continent drifts deeper into crisis”, in the Guardian:
  Since its conception, the European Union has been a haven for those seeking refuge from war, persecution and poverty in other parts of the world.
An expedient to secure protection or defence.
- c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:
  Their latest refuge / Was to send him.
- a. 1639, Henry Wotton, An Essay on the Education of Children, in the First Rudiments of Learning, London: T. Waller, published 1753, page 17:
  This is occaſioned by this, that too too often the Teaching of a Grammar School is the ordinary Refuge that deſperate Perſons as to any other Employment in good Learning betake themſelves to; whilﬅ but a few know themſelves ſuited with intellectual and moral Abilities, and fewer have that Encouragement, when they undertake it, their Pains deſerve.
A refuge island.

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

Translations edit

state of safety, protection or shelter

Arabic: مَلْجَأ m (maljaʔ), مَلَاذ m (malāḏ)
Azerbaijani: sığıncaq
Belarusian: прыту́лак m (prytúlak)
Bengali: পানা (bn) (pana)
Breton: repu
Bulgarian: убе́жище (bg) n (ubéžište)
Catalan: refugi (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 避難／避难 (zh) (bìnàn), 避難所／避难所 (zh) (bìnànsuǒ)
Czech: útočiště (cs) n
Finnish: turva (fi), suoja (fi)
French: refuge (fr) m
Galician: refuxio m
German: Zuflucht (de) f
Greek: καταφύγιο (el) n (katafýgio), υπόθαλψη (el) f (ypóthalpsi)
Hindi: शरण (hi) f (śaraṇ), पनाह (hi) f (panāh)
Ido: refujeyo (io)
Irish: tearmann
Italian: rifugio (it) m, riparo (it) m
Japanese: 避難所 (ja) (ひなんじょ, hinanjo), 避難 (ja) (ひなん, hinan)
Latin: refugium n
Maori: punanga, piringa
Middle English: refuge, refute
Old English: ġebeorg n
Ottoman Turkish: التجا (iltica)
Polish: schronienie (pl), schronisko (pl) n, azyl (pl) m
Portuguese: refúgio (pt) m, abrigo (pt) m
Romanian: refugiu (ro) n, adăpost (ro) n
Russian: убе́жище (ru) n (ubéžišče)
Sanskrit: शरण (sa) n (śaraṇa)
Serbo-Croatian: prib(j)ežište n
Cyrillic: уточиште n

Roman: utočište (sh) n
Slovak: útočisko n
Slovene: pribežališče n
Spanish: refugio (es) m
Telugu: శరణము (te) (śaraṇamu)
Turkish: sığınak (tr)
Ukrainian: приту́лок (uk) m (prytúlok)
Welsh: encil m, lloches f

place providing safety, protection or shelter

Armenian: ապաստան (hy) (apastan)
Azerbaijani: sığıncaq
Basque: aterpe
Breton: repu
Bulgarian: убежище (bg) n (ubežište)
Catalan: refugi (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 避難所／避难所 (zh) (bìnànsuǒ)
Czech: útočiště (cs) n
Danish: tilflugtssted n
Dutch: schuilplaats (nl)
Ewe: sitsoƒe
Finnish: turvapaikka (fi), suojapaikka
French: refuge (fr) m
Galician: refuxio m
Georgian: თავშესაფარი (tavšesapari)
German: Herberge (de) f, Zuflucht (de) f
Greek: καταφύγιο (el) n (katafýgio), άσυλο (el) n (ásylo)
Ancient: φυγάδιον n (phugádion)
Hebrew: הקדש (hekdeish), מִפְלָט (he), מִקְלָט (he)
Irish: tearmann
Italian: rifugio (it) m
Japanese: 避難所 (ja) (ひなんじょ, hinanjo)
Latin: refugium n
Macedonian: збег m (zbeg)
Maori: punanga, piringa, kuhunga
Middle English: refuge, refute
Norwegian:
Bokmål: tilflukt m or f

Nynorsk: tilflukt f
Old English: friþstōw f
Ottoman Turkish: التجا (iltica)
Polish: przytułek (pl) m, schronienie (pl) n, schronisko (pl) n, azyl (pl) m
Portuguese: refúgio (pt) m, abrigo (pt) m
Russian: убе́жище (ru) n (ubéžišče), укры́тие (ru) n (ukrýtije)
Sanskrit: ओकस् (sa) n (okas)
Serbo-Croatian: prib(j)ežište n
Spanish: refugio (es) m
Tagalog: kayap
Tocharian B: waste, śarāṃ
Ukrainian: приту́лок (uk) m (prytúlok), при́хисток (uk) m (prýxystok)

something or someone turned to for safety or assistance

Ewe: sitsoƒe
Finnish: turva (fi), tuki (fi)
Galician: refuxio m
Greek: προστασία (el) f (prostasía), άσυλο (el) n (ásylo)
Latin: refugium
Middle English: refuge, refute
Portuguese: refúgio (pt) m
Serbo-Croatian: zbjeg (sh) m

refuge island — see refuge island

Verb edit

refuge (third-person singular simple present refuges, present participle refuging, simple past and past participle refuged)

(intransitive) To return to a place of shelter.
- 2011, Michael D. Gumert, Agustín Fuentes, Lisa Jones-Engel, Monkeys on the Edge:
  Among these macaques, although activity cycles are quite variable from location to location, refuging is a common characteristic.
(transitive, obsolete) To shelter; to protect.