Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furhō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *furahō

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pérk-u-s ~ *pr̥kʷ-éw-s (“oak”).

Noun

*furhō f

1. fir; pine
2. forest (of fir or pine trees)

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *furhō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*furhō	*furhôz
vocative	*furhō	*furhôz
accusative	*furhǭ	*furhōz
genitive	*furhōz	*furhǫ̂
dative	*furhōi	*furhōmaz
instrumental	*furhō	*furhōmiz

Synonyms

• (forest): *furhiþą, *skōgaz, *walþuz, *widuz

Related terms

• *fergunją (“mountain; mountainous forest”)
• *furhiþą n (“forest”)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *furhu
  • Old English: fyrh, furh
    • Middle English: firre (perhaps partially or wholly derived from Old Norse)
      • English: fir
      • Scots: fir
  • Old Frisian: *fēre, *fiūre
    • Saterland Frisian: Fjúre
  • Old Saxon: furia
    • Middle Low German: vūre
      • Low German: Fuhr
  • Old Dutch: *fura
    • ⇒ Dutch: Forolta
    • ⇒ Dutch: Fornhese
  • Old High German: furh, furuh
    • Middle High German: vorhe
      • German: Föhre
• Proto-Norse: *ᚠᚢᚱᚺᛟ (*furho) (< *furhǭ)
  • ⇒ Proto-Norse: *ᚠᚢᚱᚺᛁᛃᚨ (*furhija)
    • Old Norse: fýri
  • Old Norse: fura
    • Icelandic: fura f
    • Faroese: fura f
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: fura f, fure f, furu f
    • Norwegian: (dialectal) furu, furo, foro (East Norway); føru, fårå, fåra, faro (Trøndelag); før, får (Northern Norway)
    • Norwegian Bokmål: furu f or m
    • Old Swedish: fora
      • Swedish: fura c, furu c
    • Danish: fyr c
      • Norwegian Bokmål: fyrr m
    • >? Middle English: firre
      • English: fir

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press