Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hawāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑ.wɑː.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Indo-European *kew-.^[1] Cognate Lithuanian kuvḗtis (“to be ashamed”).

Verb edit

*hawāną^[1]

To mock

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *hawāną (weak class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hawō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*hawaisi	?	*hawai	*hawāsai	?
3rd singular	*hawaiþi	?	*hawāþau	*hawāþai	?
1st dual	*hawōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hawāþiz	?	*hawāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hawāmaz	?	—	*hawānþai	?
2nd plural	*hawaiþ	?	*hawaiþ	*hawānþai	?
3rd plural	*hawānþi	?	*hawānþau	*hawānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hawadǭ	*hawadēdį̄
2nd singular	*hawadēz	*hawadēdīz
3rd singular	*hawadē	*hawadēdī
1st dual	*hawadēdū	*hawadēdīw
2nd dual	*hawadēdudiz	*hawadēdīdiz
1st plural	*hawadēdum	*hawadēdīm
2nd plural	*hawadēdud	*hawadēdīd
3rd plural	*hawadēdun	*hawadēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hawāndz	*hawadaz

Descendants edit

Old Norse: há
- Icelandic: há
- Norwegian: hå

Etymology 2 edit

The verb could also be reconstructed as *hēwijaną, but in view of Latvian kavêt (“to prevent”), *hawāną is more likely.^[2] Also cognate with Latin caveo (“to take care, beware”).

Verb edit

*hawāną^[2]

To observe

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *hawāną (weak class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hawō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*hawaisi	?	*hawai	*hawāsai	?
3rd singular	*hawaiþi	?	*hawāþau	*hawāþai	?
1st dual	*hawōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hawāþiz	?	*hawāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hawāmaz	?	—	*hawānþai	?
2nd plural	*hawaiþ	?	*hawaiþ	*hawānþai	?
3rd plural	*hawānþi	?	*hawānþau	*hawānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hawadǭ	*hawadēdį̄
2nd singular	*hawadēz	*hawadēdīz
3rd singular	*hawadē	*hawadēdī
1st dual	*hawadēdū	*hawadēdīw
2nd dual	*hawadēdudiz	*hawadēdīdiz
1st plural	*hawadēdum	*hawadēdīm
2nd plural	*hawadēdud	*hawadēdīd
3rd plural	*hawadēdun	*hawadēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hawāndz	*hawadaz

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *hawēn
- Old English: hawian
Old Norse: *há
- Norwegian: hå

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hawēn-1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 217
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hawēn-2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 217/218

[Kroonen_1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hawēn-1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 217

[Kroonen_2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hawēn-2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 217/218

[1]

[2]