Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kīnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *ǵey-n-, originally a nasal-present from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeyH- (“to break open, germinate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kīnaną

1. to split open, sprout, germinate

Inflection

Conjugation of *kīnaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kīnō	*kīnaų	—	*kīnai	?
2nd singular	*kīnizi	*kīnaiz	*kīn	*kīnazai	*kīnaizau
3rd singular	*kīnidi	*kīnai	*kīnadau	*kīnadai	*kīnaidau
1st dual	*kīnōz	*kīnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kīnadiz	*kīnaidiz	*kīnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*kīnamaz	*kīnaim	—	*kīnandai	*kīnaindau
2nd plural	*kīnid	*kīnaid	*kīnid	*kīnandai	*kīnaindau
3rd plural	*kīnandi	*kīnain	*kīnandau	*kīnandai	*kīnaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kai	*kijį̄
2nd singular	*kait	*kijīz
3rd singular	*kai	*kijī
1st dual	*kijū	*kijīw
2nd dual	*kijudiz	*kijīdiz
1st plural	*kijum	*kijīm
2nd plural	*kijud	*kijīd
3rd plural	*kijun	*kijīn
	present	past
participles	*kīnandz	*kijanaz

Related terms

• *kīmô
• *kinō
• *kīþą
• *kīþiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kīnan
  • Old English: ċīnan
    • Middle English: chynen, chine, chyne
      • English: chine (obsolete)
      • Scots: chime, chun
  • Old Frisian: *kīna
    • Saterland Frisian: kiene
  • Old Saxon: kīnan
    • Middle Low German: kînen, kîmen
      • German Low German: kienen
  • Old Dutch: *kīnan
    • Middle Dutch: kinen
  • Old High German: kīnan
    • Middle High German: kīnen, kīmen
      • German: keimen
  • →⇒ Old French: rekigner, reschignier, rechignier
    • Old French: *rekin, reschin
      • Middle French: requin (via Norman French)
        • French: requin
          • → English: requin
• Gothic: 𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (keinan)