Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kastōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kas- (“to throw, toss, raise, bring up”), of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Latin gerō (“carry, bring”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɑs.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kastōną

to throw

Inflection

Conjugation of *kastōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kastō	*kastǭ	—	*kastōi	?
2nd singular	*kastōsi	*kastōs	*kastō	*kastōsai	*kastōsau
3rd singular	*kastōþi	*kastō	*kastōþau	*kastōþai	*kastōþau
1st dual	*kastōs	*kastōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kastōþiz	*kastōþiz	*kastōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kastōmaz	*kastōm	—	*kastōnþai	*kastōnþau
2nd plural	*kastōþ	*kastōþ	*kastōþ	*kastōnþai	*kastōnþau
3rd plural	*kastōnþi	*kastōn	*kastōnþau	*kastōnþai	*kastōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kastōdǭ	*kastōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kastōdēz	*kastōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kastōdē	*kastōdēdī
1st dual	*kastōdēdū	*kastōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kastōdēdudiz	*kastōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kastōdēdum	*kastōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kastōdēdud	*kastōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kastōdēdun	*kastōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*kastōndz	*kastōdaz

Related terms

*kasą/*kazą

Descendants

Old Norse: kasta
- Icelandic: kasta
- Faroese: kasta
- Norwegian Nynorsk: kasta
- Old Swedish: kasta
  - Swedish: kasta
- Danish: kaste
  - Norwegian Bokmål: kaste
- → North Frisian: kastin
- → Middle English: casten, kesten
  - Scots: cast
  - English: cast
    - → Dutch: casten
    - → German: casten