Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werpaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to turn, bend”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwer.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*werpaną

(transitive) to throw
(transitive) to cast

Inflection

Conjugation of *werpaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*werpō	*werpaų	—	*werpai	?
2nd singular	*wirpizi	*werpaiz	*werp	*werpazai	*werpaizau
3rd singular	*wirpidi	*werpai	*werpadau	*werpadai	*werpaidau
1st dual	*werpōz	*werpaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*werpadiz	*werpaidiz	*werpadiz	—	—
1st plural	*werpamaz	*werpaim	—	*werpandai	*werpaindau
2nd plural	*wirpid	*werpaid	*wirpid	*werpandai	*werpaindau
3rd plural	*werpandi	*werpain	*werpandau	*werpandai	*werpaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*warp	*wurpį̄
2nd singular	*warft	*wurpīz
3rd singular	*warp	*wurpī
1st dual	*wurpū	*wurpīw
2nd dual	*wurpudiz	*wurpīdiz
1st plural	*wurpum	*wurpīm
2nd plural	*wurpud	*wurpīd
3rd plural	*wurpun	*wurpīn

	present	past
participles	*werpandz	*wurpanaz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *werpan
- Old English: weorpan, wurpan
  - Middle English: werpen
    - English: warp
    - Scots: warp
- Old Frisian: werpa
  - North Frisian: werpe
  - West Frisian: werpe
- Old Saxon: werpan
  - Middle Low German: werpen
    - Low German: warpen
- Old Dutch: werpan
  - Middle Dutch: werpen
    - Dutch: werpen
    - Limburgish: wèrpe
- Old High German: werfan, ƿerpan — Manuscript spelling
  - Middle High German: wërfen
    - German: werfen
Old Norse: verpa
- Icelandic: verpa
- Faroese: verpa
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: verpe
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: verpe, verpa
- Old Swedish: værpa
  - Swedish: värpa
- Old Danish: wærpæ
  - Danish: værpe
Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽 (wairpan)