Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *-h₂.

Suffix

*-éh₂ n

1. Creates collective nouns and mass nouns corresponding to thematic formations with accent on the suffix.

Usage notes

This collective noun suffix gave rise to the thematic neuter plural suffix in nuclear (i.e. non-Anatolian) Indo-European languages. In Anatolian itself, it is disputed whether nouns attested with this suffix are plural or collective in number.

Derived terms

• *-i-eh₂
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Slavic: *-ьja

Suffix

*(o)-éh₂ f

1. Creates action nouns and abstract nouns.

   ‎*bʰer- (“to bear”) + ‎*-éh₂ → ‎*bʰoréh₂ (“carrying, burden”)

Inflection

Thematic in *-eh₂
	singular
nominative	*(o)-éh₂
genitive	*(o)-éh₂s
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(o)-éh₂	*(o)-éh₂h₁(e)	*(o)-éh₂es
vocative	*(o)-éh₂	*(o)-éh₂h₁(e)	*(o)-éh₂es
accusative	*(o)-ā́m	*(o)-éh₂h₁(e)	*(o)-éh₂m̥s
genitive	*(o)-éh₂s	*?	*(o)-éh₂oHom
ablative	*(o)-éh₂s	*?	*(o)-éh₂mos
dative	*(o)-éh₂ey	*?	*(o)-éh₂mos
locative	*(o)-éh₂, *(o)-éh₂i	*?	*(o)-éh₂su
instrumental	*(o)-éh₂h₁	*?	*(o)-éh₂mis

Usage notes

These o-grade feminine abstract nouns are known as τομή (tomḗ)-type nouns in Indo-Europeanist literature, and were typically derived from *(o)-ós nominals from *CeR- roots.

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₂

Related terms

• *(ó)-os (thematic)
• *(o)-ós
• *(o)-eh₂yéti
• *-i-eh₂
  • Proto-Celtic: *-iyā
    • Proto-Brythonic: *-eð
      • Cornish: -edh
      • Middle Welsh: -eð
        • Welsh: -edd
    • Old Irish: -e
      • Irish: -e
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -ia

Suffix

*(∅)-éh₂ f

1. Creates action nouns and abstract nouns.

   ‎*bʰewg- (“to flee”) + ‎*-éh₂ → ‎*bʰugéh₂ (“flight”)

Inflection

Thematic in *-eh₂
	singular
nominative	*(∅)-éh₂
genitive	*(∅)-éh₂s
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(∅)-éh₂	*(∅)-éh₂h₁(e)	*(∅)-éh₂es
vocative	*(∅)-éh₂	*(∅)-éh₂h₁(e)	*(∅)-éh₂es
accusative	*(∅)-ā́m	*(∅)-éh₂h₁(e)	*(∅)-éh₂m̥s
genitive	*(∅)-éh₂s	*?	*(∅)-éh₂oHom
ablative	*(∅)-éh₂s	*?	*(∅)-éh₂mos
dative	*(∅)-éh₂ey	*?	*(∅)-éh₂mos
locative	*(∅)-éh₂, *(∅)-éh₂i	*?	*(∅)-éh₂su
instrumental	*(∅)-éh₂h₁	*?	*(∅)-éh₂mis

Usage notes

These nouns are known as φυγή (phugḗ)-type nouns in Indo-Europeanist literature. They are mainly formed from verbal roots, generally of the shape *CeRT-.

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₂