Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eh₁ter-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*h₂eh₁ter-

1. fire

Derived terms

• Proto-Anatolian:
  • Palaic: 𒄩𒀀 (ḫa-a /ḫā, hā/, “to be hot”)
• Proto-Armenian: *այր (ayr)
  • Old Armenian: այրեմ (ayrem)
    • Armenian: այրել (ayrel)
• Proto-Celtic: *ātis, *āti (“furnace, oven”)
  • Old Irish: áith (“drying-kiln (for grain)”)
    • Irish: áith
    • Manx: aiee
    • Scottish Gaelic: àth
  • Proto-Brythonic: *ọdɨn (“kiln”) (< *ātinos)
    • Old Cornish: Odencolc (“lime-kiln”) (toponym, + colc (“lime”))
      • Cornish: Odengalgh
    • Middle Welsh: odyn (“kiln”)
    • Welsh: odyn (“kiln”)
• Italic:
  • Latin: āter (“matte black”) (possibly in sense of “blackened by fire”, see also atrox (“fierce”), Atella (“an ancient Oscan city in Campania”), Atrius (“a family name”))
  • Umbrian: 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌖 (atru, “black”)
  • Oscan: 𐌀𐌀𐌃𐌝𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (aadíriis, “familial name akin to Latin 'Atrius'”)
• Indo-Iranian: *HáHtr̥š (“fire”)
  • Iranian: *HáHtr̥š (“fire”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Avestan: 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭‎ (ātar, “fire”)
    • → Old Armenian: ատր- (atr-)
  • → Proto-Albanian: *ōtar
    • Albanian: vatër (“fireplace”), vatra (“bonfire, hearth”), votër (“fireplace”)
    • →? Bulgarian: ва́тра (vátra)
    • →? Czech: vatra (“bonfire, hearth”)
    • →? Polish: watra (“watchfire, bonfire”)
    • →? Romanian: vatră (“fireplace, home”)
      • Aromanian: Aromanian: vatrã, veatrã
      • Istro-Romanian: votrę
      • Megleno-Romanian: vatră
      • → Gagauz: vatra (“hearth”)
    • →? Russian: ватру́шка (vatrúška)
    • →? Serbo-Croatian: ва̏тра / vȁtra (“fire”)
    • →? Ukrainian: ва́тра (vátra, “fireside, bonfire, hearth”)

See also

• *h₂eh₁- (“to be warm”), *h₂éh₁-ti-s
• *h₂eHs- (“to be/become dry, to burn, to glow, hearth, ashes”)
• *h₂eh₃- (“to be hot, to burn”)
• *h₁engʷ- (“to burn, fire”)
• *h₁ews- (“to burn”)