atrium

English

A library atrium.

Etymology

From Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeɪ.tɹi.əm/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: a‧tri‧um

Noun

atrium (plural atria or atriums)

1. (architecture) A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.
2. (architecture) A square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels.
3. (anatomy) A cavity, entrance, or passage.

   an atrium of the infundibula of the lungs

4. (biology) Any enclosed body cavity or chamber.
5. (anatomy) An upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle. In higher vertebrates, the right atrium receives blood from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava, and the left atrium receives blood from the left and right pulmonary veins.
6. (anatomy) A microscopic air sac within a pulmonary alveolus.
7. (palynology) A cavity inside a porate aperture of a pollen grain formed by the separation of the sexine and nexine layers, widening toward the interior of the grain.
   • 1965, Janet Kircher Warter, Palynology of a Lignite of Lower Eocene (Wilcox) Age from Kemper County‎^[1], page 52:

     Nexine 0.5μ thick, separating from the sexine about 5μ from the pore and forming a deep, well-defined atrium.

Synonyms

• (room in Roman homes): cavaedium

Meronyms

• (chamber of the heart): left atrium, right atrium

Holonyms

• (chamber of the heart): heart

Derived terms

• atrial
• atriate
• atriumed
• dorsoatrium
• preatrium
• subatrium

 

Translations

central room in Roman homes

• Bulgarian: а́триум m (átrium)
• Catalan: atri (ca) m
• Czech: atrium
• Danish: gårdhave, atrium
• Finnish: atrium (fi)
• Hungarian: átrium (hu)
• Indonesian: atrium (id), beranda (id)
• Japanese: アトリウム (atoriumu)
• Latin: ātrium n
• Macedonian: а́триум m (átrium)
• Occitan: atri m
• Polish: atrium (pl)
• Portuguese: átrio (pt) m
• Russian: а́триум (ru) m (átrium), а́трий (ru) m (átrij)
• Serbo-Croatian: atrij (sh)
• Slovene: atrij (sl)
• Turkish: atriyum (tr)

square hall lit from above

• Catalan: atri (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 天井 (zh) (tiānjǐng)

• Danish: atrium
• Finnish: atrium (fi), valopiha (fi)
• French: atrium (fr) m
• German: Atrium (de) n
• Greek: αίθριο (el) n (aíthrio)
• Hungarian: átrium (hu)
• Italian: cavedio (it) m
• Japanese: アトリウム (atoriumu)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: guhik (ku) m

• Latin: cavaedium n
• Macedonian: а́триум m (átrium)
• Polish: atrium (pl) n
• Portuguese: átrio (pt) m
• Romanian: atrium (ro) n
• Russian: а́триум (ru) m (átrium), а́трий (ru) m (átrij)
• Slovene: atrij (sl) m
• Spanish: atrio (es) m
• Tamil: அறை (ta) (aṟai)

body cavity

• Chinese:

  Mandarin:

• Czech: předsíň (cs) f
• Dutch: boezem (nl) m, atrium (nl) n
• Finnish: ontelo (fi)
• Greek: κόλπος (el) m (kólpos)
• Hebrew: עלייה (he) f (aliya)
• Indonesian: atrium (id)
• Irish: aitriam m
• Portuguese: átrio (pt) m, aurícula f
• Romanian: atriu (ro) n

one of two upper chambers of the heart

• Arabic: أُذَيْن m (ʔuḏayn)
• Armenian: նախասիրտ (hy) (naxasirt)
• Bulgarian: ухо на предсърдието (uho na predsǎrdieto)
• Catalan: aurícula (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 心房 (zh) (xīnfáng)

• Dutch: boezem (nl) m
• Finnish: eteinen (fi)
• French: oreillette (fr) f
• German: Atrium (de) n
• Greek: κόλπος (el) m (kólpos)
• Hungarian: pitvar (hu), szívpitvar (hu)
• Indonesian: atrium (id)
• Japanese: 心房 (ja) (shinbō)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: guhike m, guhikeya dil m

• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: тосгуур (mn) (tosguur)

  Mongolian: ᠲᠣᠰᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ (tosɣaɣur)

• Polish: przedsionek (pl) m, atrium (pl) n
• Portuguese: átrio (pt) m, aurícula f
• Russian: предсе́рдие (ru) n (predsérdije)
• Spanish: aurícula (es) f
• Swedish: förmak (sv) n, atrium (sv) n (rare)
• Tagalog: silid-anuran
• Turkish: kulakçık (tr)
• Ukrainian: передсе́рдя n (peredsérdja)
• Welsh: atriwm m

Further reading

• atrium on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Timaru

Etruscan

Romanization

atrium

1. Romanization of 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌌

Finnish

Etymology

From Latin ātrium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑtrium/, [ˈɑ̝t̪rium]
• Rhymes: -ɑtrium
• Syllabification^(key): at‧ri‧um

Noun

atrium

1. atrium (central room in Roman homes)
2. atrium (square hall lit from above)

Declension

Inflection of atrium (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		atrium	atriumit
genitive		atriumin	atriumien
partitive		atriumia	atriumeja
illative		atriumiin	atriumeihin
		singular	plural
nominative		atrium	atriumit
accusative	nom.	atrium	atriumit
	gen.	atriumin
genitive		atriumin	atriumien
partitive		atriumia	atriumeja
inessive		atriumissa	atriumeissa
elative		atriumista	atriumeista
illative		atriumiin	atriumeihin
adessive		atriumilla	atriumeilla
ablative		atriumilta	atriumeilta
allative		atriumille	atriumeille
essive		atriumina	atriumeina
translative		atriumiksi	atriumeiksi
abessive		atriumitta	atriumeitta
instructive		—	atriumein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of atrium (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative atriumini atriumini accusative nom. atriumini atriumini gen. atriumini genitive atriumini atriumieni partitive atriumiani atriumejani inessive atriumissani atriumeissani elative atriumistani atriumeistani illative atriumiini atriumeihini adessive atriumillani atriumeillani ablative atriumiltani atriumeiltani allative atriumilleni atriumeilleni essive atriuminani atriumeinani translative atriumikseni atriumeikseni abessive atriumittani atriumeittani instructive — — comitative — atriumeineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative atriumisi atriumisi accusative nom. atriumisi atriumisi gen. atriumisi genitive atriumisi atriumiesi partitive atriumiasi atriumejasi inessive atriumissasi atriumeissasi elative atriumistasi atriumeistasi illative atriumiisi atriumeihisi adessive atriumillasi atriumeillasi ablative atriumiltasi atriumeiltasi allative atriumillesi atriumeillesi essive atriuminasi atriumeinasi translative atriumiksesi atriumeiksesi abessive atriumittasi atriumeittasi instructive — — comitative — atriumeinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative atriumimme atriumimme accusative nom. atriumimme atriumimme gen. atriumimme genitive atriumimme atriumiemme partitive atriumiamme atriumejamme inessive atriumissamme atriumeissamme elative atriumistamme atriumeistamme illative atriumiimme atriumeihimme adessive atriumillamme atriumeillamme ablative atriumiltamme atriumeiltamme allative atriumillemme atriumeillemme essive atriuminamme atriumeinamme translative atriumiksemme atriumeiksemme abessive atriumittamme atriumeittamme instructive — — comitative — atriumeinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative atriuminne atriuminne accusative nom. atriuminne atriuminne gen. atriuminne genitive atriuminne atriumienne partitive atriumianne atriumejanne inessive atriumissanne atriumeissanne elative atriumistanne atriumeistanne illative atriumiinne atriumeihinne adessive atriumillanne atriumeillanne ablative atriumiltanne atriumeiltanne allative atriumillenne atriumeillenne essive atriuminanne atriumeinanne translative atriumiksenne atriumeiksenne abessive atriumittanne atriumeittanne instructive — — comitative — atriumeinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative atriuminsa atriuminsa accusative nom. atriuminsa atriuminsa gen. atriuminsa genitive atriuminsa atriumiensa partitive atriumiaan atriumiansa atriumejaan atriumejansa inessive atriumissaan atriumissansa atriumeissaan atriumeissansa elative atriumistaan atriumistansa atriumeistaan atriumeistansa illative atriumiinsa atriumeihinsa adessive atriumillaan atriumillansa atriumeillaan atriumeillansa ablative atriumiltaan atriumiltansa atriumeiltaan atriumeiltansa allative atriumilleen atriumillensa atriumeilleen atriumeillensa essive atriuminaan atriuminansa atriumeinaan atriumeinansa translative atriumikseen atriumiksensa atriumeikseen atriumeiksensa abessive atriumittaan atriumittansa atriumeittaan atriumeittansa instructive — — comitative — atriumeineen atriumeinensa

Synonyms

• (square hall): valopiha

Derived terms

compounds

• atriumtalo

 

Further reading

• “atrium”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ātrium. Doublet of aître.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.tʁi.jɔm/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

atrium m (plural atriums)

1. atrium

Further reading

• “atrium”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch atrium, from Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [at̚ˈriʊm]
• Hyphenation: at‧ri‧um

Noun

atrium (first-person possessive atriumku, second-person possessive atriummu, third-person possessive atriumnya)

1. atrium:

   Synonym: serambi

   1. (architecture) a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.

      Synonym: beranda

   2. (anatomy) cavity, entrance, or passage.
   3. (anatomy) one of two upper chambers of the heart.

Further reading

• “atrium” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

Etymology

• Either from Ancient Greek αἴθριον (aíthrion, “under the sky, open”) (see αἰθήρ (aithḗr, “clear sky, heaven”)),
• or related to Latin āter, Umbrian 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌖 (atru), Oscan 𐌀𐌀𐌃𐌝𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (aadíriis), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁tr-yom,
• or from Etruscan 𐌀𐌈𐌓𐌄 (aθre, “atrium, temple, house, domus”).

Related to Etruscan 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌌 (atrium).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.tri.um/, [ˈäːt̪riʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.tri.um/, [ˈäːt̪rium]

Noun

ātrium n (genitive ātriī or ātrī); second declension

1. a welcoming room in a Roman villa; reception hall, main court
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.665–666:

     It clāmor ad altā / ātria

     An outcry goes up to the height of the [palace] halls.
     (Translations vary – Mackail, 1885: “the high halls”; Knight, 1956: “the palace-roof”; Fitzgerald, 1981: “the high chambers”; West, 1990: “the high walls of the palace”; Ahl, 2007: “high through the courtyard’s open roof”; Ruden, 2021: “to the rooftop”.)

2. a hall, court in a temple

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

	singular	plural
nominative	ātrium	ātria
genitive	ātriī ātrī1	ātriōrum
dative	ātriō	ātriīs
accusative	ātrium	ātria
ablative	ātriō	ātriīs
vocative	ātrium	ātria

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Derived terms

• ātriārius
• ātriēnsis
• ātriola
• ātriolum

Descendants

• Inherited:
  • Northern Gallo-Romance:
    • Old French: aitre
      • French: aître
      • Norman: aistre (merged with some Norse root, hence the unetymological ⟨s⟩)
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Asturian: adriu ⇒ adral
    • Galician: adro
    • Portuguese: adro
• Borrowed:
  • → Catalan: atri
  • → English: atrium
  • → Galician: atrio
  • → Hungarian: átrium
  • → Irish: aitriam
  • → Italian: atrio
  • → Portuguese: átrio
  • → Romanian: atriu
  • → Spanish: atrio

See also

• Ātrius
• vestibulum

References

• “ātrĭum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “atrium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• atrium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• ātrĭum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 182/3.
• “atrium”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “atrium”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• “ātrium” on page 199 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “atrium”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 67

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

atrium n (definite singular atriet, indefinite plural atrier, definite plural atria or atriene)

1. (architecture) an atrium

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

atrium n (definite singular atriet, indefinite plural atrium, definite plural atria)

1. (architecture) an atrium

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin ātrium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.trjum/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -atrjum
• Syllabification: a‧trium

Noun

atrium n

1. (architecture) atrium (a square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels)
2. (architecture, Ancient Rome) atrium (a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings)
3. (anatomy) atrium (one of two upper chambers of the heart)

   Synonym: przedsionek

Declension

Declension of atrium

	singular	plural
nominative	atrium	atria
genitive	atrium	atriów
dative	atrium	atriom
accusative	atrium	atria
instrumental	atrium	atriami
locative	atrium	atriach
vocative	atrium	atria

Derived terms

adjective

• atrialny

 

Further reading

• atrium in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• atrium in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin atrium.

Noun

atrium n (uncountable)

1. atrium

Declension

declension of atrium (singular only)

	singular
n gender	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) atrium	atriumul
genitive/dative	(unui) atrium	atriumului
vocative	atriumule