Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/péh₂wr̥
Proto-Indo-EuropeanEdit
EtymologyEdit
Often considered to contain the suffix *-wr̥.
NounEdit
*péh₂wr̥ n[1]
Usage notesEdit
- Two main terms for “fire” are reconstructible for Proto-Indo-European: *h₁n̥gʷnis and *péh₂wr̥. They are usually considered in semantic opposition. The first term is usually masculine and refers to fire as something animate and active (compare Agni, the most prominent Old Indic deity), whereas the second term is neuter and refers to fire as something inanimate and passive, i.e. as a substance.
InflectionEdit
Athematic, proterokinetic | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | collective | |||
nominative | *péh₂wr̥ | *péh₂wōr | ||
genitive | *ph₂wéns | *ph₂unés | ||
singular | dual | plural | collective | |
nominative | *péh₂wr̥ | — | — | *péh₂wōr |
vocative | *péh₂wr̥ | — | — | *péh₂wōr |
accusative | *péh₂wr̥ | — | — | *péh₂wōr |
genitive | *ph₂wéns | — | — | *ph₂unés |
ablative | *ph₂wéns | — | — | *ph₂unés |
dative | *ph₂wéney | — | — | *ph₂unéy |
locative | *ph₂wén, *ph₂wéni | — | — | *ph₂wén, *ph₂wéni |
instrumental | *ph₂wénh₁ | — | — | *ph₂unéh₁ |
SynonymsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Proto-Anatolian: *páHʷr̥ (see there for further descendants)
- Armenian:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Latvian: pūrs (“winter wheat”) but more often pūr̨i in analogy to kvieši, rudzi, mieži
- Lithuanian: pū̃ras (“one corn of winter-wheat; used in the plural for winter-wheat”)
- Old Prussian: panno (“fire”), pure (“bromegrass”)
- Proto-Slavic: *pyrь (“cinder; couch grass; spelt”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *fōr (from *ph₂wṓr < *péh₂wōr) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pāwər?
- Proto-Italic: *pur (see there for further descendants)
- Tocharian:
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Gamkrelidze, Th. V.; Ivanov, V. V. (1995) Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 80), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 566–567 – he gives pʰūr-
- ^ Трубачёв, Олег Николаевич (a. 2002) Этногенез и культура древнейших славян (in Russian), Moscow: Наука, published 2003, →ISBN, pages 232–233 – he gives pūr-, but according to him it is the same word as the one for fire because spelt required drying by the fire.
Further readingEdit
- Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 202