Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/bádHr̥

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-Iranian entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative reconstructions

*badra-^[1]^[2]
*badar-^[2]
*baddra-, *badadra-^[1]
*barθra-, *barθrya-^[3]

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰádʰHr̥ ~ *bʰádʰHas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰódʰh₂-r̥ ~ *bʰédʰh₂-n̥s, from *bʰedʰh₂- (“to dig, pierce”) +‎ *-r̥.

Noun

*bádHr̥

spade, shovel

Derived terms

*bádHrakah (“spoon, spatula”)
- Bashkardi: [script needed] (bahr)
- Kermanic:
  Abyanehi, Komjani, Qohrudi: bahrā
- Middle Persian: *bahrag
  - Bakhtiari: [script needed] (bahra)

Descendants

Southeastern Iranian: (Persian borrowings?)
- Ormuri: [script needed] (bēl)
- Pashto: بېل (bel)
- Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
  - Ishkashimi: [script needed] (bēl)
  - Sanglechi: [script needed] (bēl)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
    - Munji: [script needed] (bɛ̄l)
    - Yidgha: [script needed] (bil), [script needed] (bīl)
  - Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
    - Sarikoli: bēl
    - Shughni:
      Bartangi: bēl
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: برد (bard)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: bêr
  
  Central Kurdish: بێڵ (bêll), بێرِک (bêrik)
  
  Southern Kurdish: بیەڵ (byell)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *bádr̥
  - Gurani: [script needed] (bāla), [script needed] (bālī)
  - Proto-Komisenian:
    - Lasgerdi: [script needed] (bōle)
    - Sangisari: [script needed] (bōle)
  - Middle Median: *bárd, *bā́l, *bḗr
    - Kermanic:
      Sedehi: bīl, bad
      
      Vonishuni: bār
      
      Kesehi: bāl
      
      Qohrudi: bōl
      
      Zefrehi, Kafroni: berd
      
      Gazi: bard
    - Sivandi: bīle
    - Talysh: [script needed] (bor)
      Anbarani: [script needed] (bur)
    - ⇒ Middle Median: *bárdag
      - Kermanic:
        Abuzeydabadi, Jowshaqani: bara
        
        Zoroastrian Dari: bard, barda
      - Tati:
        Southern Tati: [script needed] (barra)
    - Semnani: [script needed] (båla), [script needed] (bāleh)
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏𐫡 (byr /⁠bēr⁠/)
  - Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (bēl)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian:
  Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏𐫡 (byr /⁠bēr⁠/)
  
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (byl /⁠bēl⁠/)
  - Classical Persian: بیل (bēl /⁠bēl⁠/)
    - Iranian Persian: بیل (bil)
    - Dari: بیل (bēl)
    - Tajik: бел (bel)
      - → Ossetian: бел (bel)

Unsorted borrowings:
- Old Armenian: *բարհ (*barh), բահ (bah) (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Georgian: ბარი (bari) (possibly via Armenian)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*bad-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 42-43
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Asatrian, Garnik (2011) “bahrā”, in A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎^[1] (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 6
^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) “pīlīrūvï”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 240b

[ESIJa-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*bad-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 42-43

[Asatrian-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Asatrian, Garnik (2011) “bahrā”, in A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎^[1] (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 6

[3] Bailey, H. W. (1979) “pīlīrūvï”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 240b

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