spade
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English spade, from Old English spada, spade, spadu (“spade”), from Proto-Germanic *spadǭ, *spadô, *spadō (“spade”). Cognate with Dutch spade, Old Frisian spada, Old Saxon spado, German Spaten, Hunsrik Spaad. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sph₂-dʰ-, whence also Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “blade”), Hittite [script needed] (išpatar, “spear”), Persian سپار (sopâr, “plow”), Northern Luri ئەسپار (aspār, “digging”) and Central Kurdish ئەسپەر (esper), ئەسپەرە (espere, “cross-piece on shaft of spade to take pressure of foot”).[1] The playing card sense is assimilated from Romance-language terms for "sword," as the suit is depicted in various decks, such as Italian spada. Distant doublet of spatha, spathe, and épée.
NounEdit
spade (plural spades)
- A garden tool with a handle and a flat blade for digging. Not to be confused with a shovel which is used for moving earth or other materials.
- 1898, J. Meade Falkner, chapter 4, in Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934:
- 'Make your mind easy,' Ratsey said; 'I have dug too often in this graveyard for any to wonder if they see me with a spade.'
- 2021 October 6, Paul Stephen, “Network News: Labour: build HS2 and NPR and end "paper promises"”, in RAIL, number 941, page 25:
- "[...] And not a single spade has gone in the ground - not a single mile of track built."
- A playing card marked with the symbol ♠.
- I've got only one spade in my hand.
- (offensive, ethnic slur) A black person.
- 1929, Wallace Thurman, The Blacker the Berry, New York: Collier Books, published 1970, →ISBN, page 161:
- And as for a divorce, I know plenty spades right here in Harlem get married any time they want to.
- 1968, Joan Didion, “Slouching Towards Bethlehem”, in Slouching Towards Bethlehem:
- Example: Max was in a hospital in New York and “the night nurse was a groovy spade, and in the afternoon for therapy there was a chick from Israel who was interesting, but there was nothing much to do in the morning, so I left.”
- 1968, Tom Wolfe, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Bantam, published 1997, →ISBN, page 9:
- It had even gotten to the point that Negroes were no longer in the hip scene, not even as totem figures. It was unbelievable. Spades, the very soul figures of Hip, of jazz, of the hip vocabulary itself, man and like dig and baby and scarf and split and later and so fine, of civil rights and graduating from Reed College and living on North Beach, down Mason, and balling spade cats—all that good elaborate petting and patting and pouring soul all over the spades—all over, finished, incredibly.
- A cutting instrument used in flensing a whale.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
VerbEdit
spade (third-person singular simple present spades, present participle spading, simple past and past participle spaded)
- To turn over soil with a spade to loosen the ground for planting.
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Compare spay, noun, and spado.
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
spade (plural spades)
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for “spade”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
AnagramsEdit
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Dutch spade, from Old Dutch *spado, from Proto-Germanic *spadô.
NounEdit
spade m (plural spaden or spades)
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Dutch spâde, from Old Dutch *spādi, from Proto-Germanic *spēdiz (“late”).
AdjectiveEdit
spade (comparative spader, superlative spaadst)
InflectionEdit
| Inflection of spade | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uninflected | spade | |||
| inflected | spade | |||
| comparative | spader | |||
| positive | comparative | superlative | ||
| predicative/adverbial | spade | spader | het spaadst het spaadste | |
| indefinite | m./f. sing. | spade | spadere | spaadste |
| n. sing. | spade | spader | spaadste | |
| plural | spade | spadere | spaadste | |
| definite | spade | spadere | spaadste | |
| partitive | spades | spaders | — | |
SynonymsEdit
ReferencesEdit
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Possibly from pata (“pot”) (perhaps through English spade, since spades (the card suit) are also called pata in Finnish).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
spade
- (military slang) field cook
- Synonym: sotilaskeittäjä
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection of spade (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | spade | spadet | ||
| genitive | spaden | spadejen | ||
| partitive | spadea | spadeja | ||
| illative | spadeen | spadeihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | spade | spadet | ||
| accusative | nom. | spade | spadet | |
| gen. | spaden | |||
| genitive | spaden | spadejen spadeinrare | ||
| partitive | spadea | spadeja | ||
| inessive | spadessa | spadeissa | ||
| elative | spadesta | spadeista | ||
| illative | spadeen | spadeihin | ||
| adessive | spadella | spadeilla | ||
| ablative | spadelta | spadeilta | ||
| allative | spadelle | spadeille | ||
| essive | spadena | spadeina | ||
| translative | spadeksi | spadeiksi | ||
| instructive | — | spadein | ||
| abessive | spadetta | spadeitta | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
FriulianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin spatha (“a type of sword”), from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “broad blade”).
NounEdit
spade f (plural spadis)
ItalianEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
spade f
Middle EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old English spadu.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
spade (plural spades)
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “spāde, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Low German spade and Old Norse spaði, jarnspaði.
NounEdit
spade m (definite singular spaden, indefinite plural spader, definite plural spadene)
- a spade (tool)
- kalle en spade for en spade - call a spade a spade
- a spadeful
- tre spader jord - three spadefuls of earth
ReferencesEdit
- “spade” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- spåddå (dialectal, Trøndelag)
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse spaði, jarnspaði, from Middle Low German spade.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
spade m (definite singular spaden, indefinite plural spadar, definite plural spadane)
- a spade, shovel (tool)
- kalle ein spade for ein spade - call a spade a spade
- a spadeful
- ein spade sand - a spadeful of sand
VerbEdit
spade (present tense spader, past tense spadde, past participle spadd or spadt, present participle spadande, imperative spad)
- Alternative form of spa
ReferencesEdit
- “spade” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse spaði, from Middle Low German spade, from Proto-Germanic *spadō, from Proto-Indo-European *sph₂-dʰ-.
NounEdit
spade c
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of spade | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | spade | spaden | spadar | spadarna |
| Genitive | spades | spadens | spadars | spadarnas |