Wiktionary

spade

See also: Spade, späde, and спаде

English edit

WOTD – 7 January 2016
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle English spade, from Old English spada, spade, spadu (“spade”), from Proto-Germanic *spadǭ, *spadô, *spadō (“spade”). Cognate with Dutch spade, Old Frisian spada, Old Saxon spado, German Spaten, Hunsrik Spaad. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sph₂-dʰ-, whence also Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “blade”), Hittite [script needed] (išpatar, “spear”), Persian سپار (sopâr, “plow”), Northern Luri ئەسپار (aspār, “digging”) and Central Kurdish ئەسپەر (esper), ئەسپەرە (espere, “cross-piece on shaft of spade to take pressure of foot”).[1] Distant doublet of spatha, spathe, and épée.

Noun edit

spade (plural spades)

  1. A garden tool with a handle and a flat blade for digging. Not to be confused with a shovel which is used for moving earth or other materials.
    • 1898, J. Meade Falkner, chapter 4, in Moonfleet, London, Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934:
      'Make your mind easy,' Ratsey said; 'I have dug too often in this graveyard for any to wonder if they see me with a spade.'
    • 2021 October 6, Paul Stephen, “Network News: Labour: build HS2 and NPR and end "paper promises"”, in RAIL, number 941, page 25:
      "[...] And not a single spade has gone in the ground - not a single mile of track built."
  2. A cutting instrument used in flensing a whale.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • → Scottish Gaelic: spaid
  • → Fiji Hindi: sipi
Translations edit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Verb edit

spade (third-person singular simple present spades, present participle spading, simple past and past participle spaded)

  1. To turn over soil with a spade to loosen the ground for planting.
Derived terms edit

References edit

  1. ^ Dehkhoda dictionary: سپار.

Etymology 2 edit

Probably from Italian spade, plural of spada (“the ace of spades”, literally “sword, spade”), from earlier *spata, from Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπᾰ́θη (spáthē). Cognate with Etymology 1. So called for the shape, though what the shape was exactly meant to represent has been debated.[1]

Noun edit

spade (plural spades)

  1. (card games) A playing card marked with the symbol ♠.
    I've got only one spade in my hand.
  2. (offensive, ethnic slur) A black person.
    • 1929, Wallace Thurman, The Blacker the Berry, New York: Collier Books, published 1970, →ISBN, page 161:
      And as for a divorce, I know plenty spades right here in Harlem get married any time they want to.
    • 1968, Joan Didion, “Slouching Towards Bethlehem”, in Slouching Towards Bethlehem:
      Example: Max was in a hospital in New York and "the night nurse was a groovy spade, and in the afternoon for therapy there was a chick from Israel who was interesting, but there was nothing much to do in the morning, so I left".
    • 1968, Tom Wolfe, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Bantam, published 1997, →ISBN, page 9:
      It had even gotten to the point that Negroes were no longer in the hip scene, not even as totem figures. It was unbelievable. Spades, the very soul figures of Hip, of jazz, of the hip vocabulary itself, man and like dig and baby and scarf and split and later and so fine, of civil rights and graduating from Reed College and living on North Beach, down Mason, and balling spade cats—all that good elaborate petting and patting and pouring soul all over the spades—all over, finished, incredibly.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Etymology 3 edit

Compare spay, noun, and spado.

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

spade (plural spades)

  1. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) A hart or stag three years old.
  2. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) A castrated man or animal.

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for “spade”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

References edit

  1. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “spade (n.2)”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Anagrams edit

Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Dutch spade, from Old Dutch *spado, from Proto-Germanic *spadô.

Noun edit

spade m (plural spaden or spades)

  1. spade

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle Dutch spâde, from Old Dutch *spādi, from Proto-Germanic *spēdiz (“late”).

Adjective edit

spade (comparative spader, superlative spaadst)

  1. (archaic) late
Inflection edit
Inflection of spade
uninflected spade
inflected spade
comparative spader
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial spade spader het spaadst
het spaadste
indefinite m./f. sing. spade spadere spaadste
n. sing. spade spader spaadste
plural spade spadere spaadste
definite spade spadere spaadste
partitive spades spaders —
Synonyms edit

References edit


Finnish edit

Etymology edit

Possibly from pata (“pot”) (perhaps through English spade, since spades (the card suit) are also called pata in Finnish).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈspɑde/, [ˈs̠pɑ̝de̞]
  • Rhymes: -ɑde
  • Syllabification(key): spa‧de

Noun edit

spade

  1. (military slang) field cook
    Synonym: sotilaskeittäjä

Declension edit

Inflection of spade (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation)
nominative spade spadet
genitive spaden spadejen
partitive spadea spadeja
illative spadeen spadeihin
singular plural
nominative spade spadet
accusative nom. spade spadet
gen. spaden
genitive spaden spadejen
spadeinrare
partitive spadea spadeja
inessive spadessa spadeissa
elative spadesta spadeista
illative spadeen spadeihin
adessive spadella spadeilla
ablative spadelta spadeilta
allative spadelle spadeille
essive spadena spadeina
translative spadeksi spadeiksi
abessive spadetta spadeitta
instructive — spadein
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of spade (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative spadeni spadeni
accusative nom. spadeni spadeni
gen. spadeni
genitive spadeni spadejeni
spadeinirare
partitive spadeani spadejani
inessive spadessani spadeissani
elative spadestani spadeistani
illative spadeeni spadeihini
adessive spadellani spadeillani
ablative spadeltani spadeiltani
allative spadelleni spadeilleni
essive spadenani spadeinani
translative spadekseni spadeikseni
abessive spadettani spadeittani
instructive — —
comitative — spadeineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative spadesi spadesi
accusative nom. spadesi spadesi
gen. spadesi
genitive spadesi spadejesi
spadeisirare
partitive spadeasi spadejasi
inessive spadessasi spadeissasi
elative spadestasi spadeistasi
illative spadeesi spadeihisi
adessive spadellasi spadeillasi
ablative spadeltasi spadeiltasi
allative spadellesi spadeillesi
essive spadenasi spadeinasi
translative spadeksesi spadeiksesi
abessive spadettasi spadeittasi
instructive — —
comitative — spadeinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative spademme spademme
accusative nom. spademme spademme
gen. spademme
genitive spademme spadejemme
spadeimmerare
partitive spadeamme spadejamme
inessive spadessamme spadeissamme
elative spadestamme spadeistamme
illative spadeemme spadeihimme
adessive spadellamme spadeillamme
ablative spadeltamme spadeiltamme
allative spadellemme spadeillemme
essive spadenamme spadeinamme
translative spadeksemme spadeiksemme
abessive spadettamme spadeittamme
instructive — —
comitative — spadeinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative spadenne spadenne
accusative nom. spadenne spadenne
gen. spadenne
genitive spadenne spadejenne
spadeinnerare
partitive spadeanne spadejanne
inessive spadessanne spadeissanne
elative spadestanne spadeistanne
illative spadeenne spadeihinne
adessive spadellanne spadeillanne
ablative spadeltanne spadeiltanne
allative spadellenne spadeillenne
essive spadenanne spadeinanne
translative spadeksenne spadeiksenne
abessive spadettanne spadeittanne
instructive — —
comitative — spadeinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative spadensa spadensa
accusative nom. spadensa spadensa
gen. spadensa
genitive spadensa spadejensa
spadeinsarare
partitive spadeaan
spadeansa 		spadejaan
spadejansa
inessive spadessaan
spadessansa 		spadeissaan
spadeissansa
elative spadestaan
spadestansa 		spadeistaan
spadeistansa
illative spadeensa spadeihinsa
adessive spadellaan
spadellansa 		spadeillaan
spadeillansa
ablative spadeltaan
spadeltansa 		spadeiltaan
spadeiltansa
allative spadelleen
spadellensa 		spadeilleen
spadeillensa
essive spadenaan
spadenansa 		spadeinaan
spadeinansa
translative spadekseen
spadeksensa 		spadeikseen
spadeiksensa
abessive spadettaan
spadettansa 		spadeittaan
spadeittansa
instructive — —
comitative — spadeineen
spadeinensa

Friulian edit

Etymology edit

From Latin spatha (“a type of sword”), from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “broad blade”).

Noun edit

spade f (plural spadis)

  1. sword

Italian edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈspa.de/
  • Rhymes: -ade
  • Hyphenation: spà‧de

Noun edit

spade f

  1. plural of spada

Middle English edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Old English spadu.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

spade (plural spades)

  1. tool for digging, shovel

Descendants edit

References edit

Norwegian Bokmål edit

 
Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology edit

From Middle Low German spade and Old Norse spaði, jarnspaði.

Noun edit

spade m (definite singular spaden, indefinite plural spader, definite plural spadene)

  1. spade (a garden tool)
    kalle en spade for en spade - call a spade a spade
  2. spadeful
    tre spader jord - three spadefuls of earth

References edit

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

 
Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse spaði, jarnspaði, from Middle Low German spade.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /²spɑːə/, /²spɑːdə/

Noun edit

spade m (definite singular spaden, indefinite plural spadar, definite plural spadane)

  1. spade, shovel (a garden tool)
    kalle ein spade for ein spade - call a spade a spade
  2. spadeful
    ein spade sand - a spadeful of sand

Derived terms edit

Verb edit

spade (present tense spader, past tense spadde, past participle spadd or spadt, present participle spadande, imperative spad)

  1. Alternative form of spa

References edit

Swedish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse spaði, from Middle Low German spade, from Proto-Germanic *spadō, from Proto-Indo-European *sph₂-dʰ-.

Noun edit

spade c

  1. shovel
    Synonyms: (more specific) skyffel, (large broad curved) skovel
  2. a spade (a garden tool)

Declension edit

Declension of spade 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative spade spaden spadar spadarna
Genitive spades spadens spadars spadarnas

Related terms edit

References edit

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