bara

See also: Appendix:Variations of "bara"

English edit

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Bara (genre)

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑːɹə/, /ˈbæɹə/
Rhymes: -ɑːɹə, -æɹə

Etymology 1 edit

Short for barazoku, from Japanese 薔薇族 (barazoku, literally “rose tribe”), the name of Japan's first modern gay men's magazine, named after a post-World War II term for gay men.

Noun edit

bara (uncountable)

(Internet slang) A genre of homoerotic media, usually manga and often pornographic, made by gay men for gay men in Japan.
(Internet slang) Gay male media of a similar style and aesthetic, regardless of the creator's gender or ethnicity.
(Internet slang) Any homoerotic media or pornography that accentuates macho masculinity; gay porn.

Usage notes edit

The term barazoku was once relatively more common in the Japanese gay community (the magazine Barazoku starting publication in 1971), but has long since gone out of fashion in Japan, having been replaced by terms like ガチムチ (gachimuchi).
The term bara often contrasts with yaoi, which is gay male media usually made by heterosexual women to appeal to other heterosexual women. Whereas bara typically emphasizes masculine homoeroticism and frank explicit sexual situations, yaoi typically emphasizes the androgynous bishonen aesthetic and depicts emotional romantic relationships.

Etymology 2 edit

Shortening of capybara.

Noun edit

bara (plural baras)

(informal) A capybara.

Anagrams edit

Abar, Abra, Arab, Baar, Raab, abra, arba

Afar edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /baˈra/, [bʌˈɾʌ]
Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Noun edit

bará f

sake

Declension edit

Declension of bará

absolutive

bará

predicative

bará

subjective

bará

genitive

bará

Postpositioned forms
l-case	barál
k-case	barák
t-case	barát
h-case	baráh

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈbara/, [ˈbʌɾʌ]
Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Noun edit

bára

predicative of bár

References edit

E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 68
Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Breton edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Welsh bara, Old Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).^[1]

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑː.ra/

Noun edit

bara m (plural baraioù)

bread

Inflection edit

Mutation of bara

Breton consonant mutation
	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	bara	vara	unchanged	para
plural	baraioù	varaioù	unchanged	paraioù

Derived terms edit

References edit

^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998), “bara”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 17

Cebuano edit

Pronunciation edit

Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Noun edit

bara

a yard; a unit of length equal to 3 feet

Dutch edit

Etymology edit

From Caribbean Hindustani baara, from Hindi बार (bār).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈbaːˌraː/
(file)
Hyphenation: ba‧ra
Rhymes: -aː

Noun edit

bara m (plural bara's)

(Suriname) a deep-fried doughnut-shaped snack made of mung bean flour
- 2021 July 4, “Gezellige sfeer bij vaccinatie in PL-centrum [Congenial atmosphere at vaccination drive at PL party centre]”, in StarNieuws‎^[2], retrieved 7 December 2022:
  Uit enkele speakers dendert soca en zouk muziek^[sic]. In de lucht hangt de geur van versgebakken bara's en kip.
  Soca and zouk music thumps from a couple of loudspeakers. The smell of freshly fried baras and chicken wafts through the air.

Faroese edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈpɛaːɹa/
Rhymes: -ɛaːɹa
Homophones: barað, bæra

Etymology 1 edit

Verb edit

bara (third person singular past indicative baraði, third person plural past indicative baraðu, supine barað)

(reflexive) constrain (oneself)

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of bara (group v-30)
infinitive	bara
supine	barað
participle (a6)¹	barandi	baraður
	present	past
first singular	bari	baraði
second singular	barar	baraði
third singular	barar	baraði
plural	bara	baraðu
	imperative
singular	bara!
plural	barið!
¹Only the past participle being declined.

Etymology 2 edit

Adverb edit

bara

Synonyms edit

(I wish): gævi

French edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ba.ʁa/
Audio (file)

Noun edit

bara m (uncountable)

(Ivory Coast slang) work, labour
- 2019 April 1, La rappeuse NASH, “La rappeuse NASH nommée ambassadrice nationale UNICEF”, in A UNICEF press release, spread by Ivorian.net, Fratmat, Allafrica, Afrique Femme, Abidjan TV, Ivoire Soir, Africa Hot News:
  Ma science pour les gopios, c’est de : couman fah-fah avec eux, prendre dra de leur melanhement, de leur miria, djaouli ceux qui veulent fraya au souklou, ou avoir un bara djidji par rapport à un graya général demso, decrou un bon soutrali par rapport à les bognan et leur gué un nouveau douahou et mettre mon fangan au-devant pour leurs wés.
  My science for the children is: to do some plain talk with them, discover their troubles, their concerns, to make provisions for those who want to go to school, or to have some real work in relation to a general sustenance, to render some good help in relation to their problems and give them a new chance, and to apply my power for their dreams.

Verb edit

bara

(Ivory Coast slang) to work, to labour

Hausa edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /bá.ɽàː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [bə́.ɽàː]

Noun edit

barā̀ m (feminine baranyā̀, plural barōrī, possessed form baràn)

servant
1. A young person who out of respect volunteers to work for someone from time to time.

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /bá.ràː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [bə́.ràː]

Noun edit

bar̃ā̀ f (plural bàr̃ā̀ce-bàr̃ā̀ce, possessed form bar̃àr̃)

A beggar for alms

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /bàː.ráː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [bàː.ráː]

Noun edit

bā̀r̃ā f (possessed form bā̀r̃ar̃)

one's focus (e.g., in aiming at or attempting to catch something)

Etymology 4 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /bàː.ɽá/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [bàː.ɽə́]

Noun edit

bā̀ra f (possessed form bā̀rar̃)

last year

Adverb edit

bā̀ra

last year

Hiligaynon edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Spanish vara/barra.

Noun edit

bára

Ibatan edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Austronesian *baʀaq.

Noun edit

bara

(anatomy) lung

Icelandic edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse *bara (“barely, only”), from *barr, Old West Norse berr, from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (“bare”). Compare Swedish bara.

Adverb edit

bara

only, just, if only
Ég á bara 200 krónur.
I only have 200 krónur.

Bara að hann hringi í mig...
If only he'd call me...
(emphatic, postpositive) only, just
Þegiðu bara!
Just shut up!

Gerðu þetta bara og þegiðu!
Just do it and shut up.

Synonyms edit

(emphatic: just): barasta

Derived terms edit

af því bara (aþþí bara, af því barasta; just because)

Ilocano edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Austronesian *baʀaq.

Noun edit

bara

lung

Indonesian edit

Etymology edit

From Malay bara.

Noun edit

bara (first-person possessive baraku, second-person possessive baramu, third-person possessive baranya)

ember

Iraqw edit

Adverb edit

bara

if, when

References edit

Mous, Maarten; Qorro, Martha; Kießling, Roland (2002) Iraqw-English Dictionary (Kuschitische Sprachstudien), volume 18, Köln, Germany: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, →ISBN, page 11

Irish edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈbˠaɾˠə/

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Irish bara (“flow; intention, design”). Probably related to Middle Irish baramail (“opinion, expectation”).

Noun edit

bara f (genitive singular bara, nominative plural baraí)

inclination, intention

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle Irish bara (“barrow”), borrowed from Old Norse barar.

Noun edit

bara m (genitive singular bara, nominative plural baraí)

barrow, cart

Derived terms edit

bara láimhe (“hand-barrow”)
bara rotha (“wheel-barrow”)

Declension edit

Declension of bara

Fourth declension

Bare forms

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bara	baraí
Vocative	a bhara	a bharaí
Genitive	bara	baraí
Dative	bara	baraí

Forms with the definite article

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an bara	na baraí
Genitive	an bhara	na mbaraí
Dative	leis an mbara don bhara	leis na baraí

Mutation edit

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bara	bhara	mbara
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Italian edit

FWOTD – 7 December 2022

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈba.ra/
Rhymes: -ara
Hyphenation: bà‧ra

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from Lombardic bāra (“bier, litter”), from Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną (“to carry”). Compare German Bahre (“bier, stretcher”).

Noun edit

bara f (plural bare)

bier (litter to transport the corpse of a dead person)
- early 14^th century, Dante, “Canto XI”, in Paradiso, lines 115–117:
  e del suo grembo l’anima preclara
  mover si volle, tornando al suo regno,
  e al suo corpo non volle altra bara.
  And from her bosom the illustrious soul wished to depart, returning to its realm, and for its body wished no other bier.
coffin (box in which a person is buried)
Synonym: (regional) tabuto

Il cadavere fu deposto nella bara.
The body was placed in the coffin.

molte bare in attesa di sepoltura
a number of coffins awaiting burial
(obsolete) litter, stretcher
Synonyms: barella, lettiga
(religion) a carriage used to transport a saint's relics
an animal-drawn carriage typical of Tuscany and Liguria

Derived terms edit

barella

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

bara

inflection of barare:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams edit

raba

Jamaican Creole edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑːra/
Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Verb edit

bara

Alternative form of borrow.
- 1995, English World-wide, volumes 16-17, Julius Groos Verlag, page 214:
  “So , mii en ha fi fain mi uona wie fi se ina Jamiekan aal kain a sinting we piipl a taak bout wen dem a stodi langgwij . Mek mi shuo unu wa ... Mi bara di Rasta wod 'grounieshan' we dem yuuz fi seshan we dem miit an riizn . Mi tek i an yuuz i fi [...]”
  Well, I had to find my own way to express all sorts of things in Jamaican Creole which people talk about when they study languages. Let me show you what [...] I'm borrowing the Rasta word "Grounation" which they use for sessions where they get together and discuss important matters. I took it and used it to [...]

Japanese edit

Romanization edit

bara

Rōmaji transcription of ばら
Rōmaji transcription of バラ

Javanese edit

Other scripts
Carakan	ꦧꦫ
Roman	bara

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Numeral edit

bara

hundred million (10⁸)

Kikuyu edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /βàɾà(ꜜ)/

As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 1 with a disyllabic stem, together with ndaka, and so on.

(Kiambu)

(Limuru) As for Tonal Class, Yukawa (1981) classifies this term into a group including cindano, huko, iburi, igego, igoti, ini (pl. mani), inooro, irigũ, irũa, iturubarĩ (pl. maturubarĩ), kĩbaata, kĩmũrĩ, kũgũrũ, mũciĩ, mũgeni, mũgũrũki, mũmbirarũ, mũndũ, mũri, mũthuuri, mwaki (“fire”), mwario (“way of speaking”), mbogoro, nda, ndaka, ndigiri, ngo, njagathi, njogu, nyondo (“breast(s)”), and so on.^[1]

Noun edit

bara class 9/10 (plural bara)

road
Synonyms: barabara, njĩra

References edit

“barabara” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 24. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

^ Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.

Laboya edit

Preposition edit

bara

nearby, at, close

References edit

Rina, A. Dj.; Kabba, John Lado B. (2011), “bara”, in Kamus Bahasa Lamboya, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat [Dictionary of Lamboya Language, West Sumba Regency], Waikabubak: Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat, page 8

Latvian edit

Noun edit

bara m

genitive singular of bars

Malay edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀah, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀah.

Pronunciation edit

(Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /barə/
(Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /bara/
Rhymes: -arə, -rə, -ə
Rhymes: -a

Noun edit

bara (Jawi spelling بارا‎, plural bara-bara, informal 1st possessive baraku, 2nd possessive baramu, 3rd possessive baranya)

ember

Derived terms edit

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

pembaraan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
perbara [causative passive] (peR-)
perbaraan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
membara [agent focus] (meN-)
membarai [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
berbara [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

bara api

Descendants edit

Indonesian: bara

References edit

"bara" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
“bara” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Mansaka edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bajaq, compare Old Javanese warah.

Verb edit

bara

to warn

Maranao edit

Noun edit

bara

crowbar

Old High German edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-West Germanic *bāru, from Proto-Germanic *bērō, whence also Old English bēr.

Noun edit

bāra f

bier

Descendants edit

Middle High German: bāre
- German: Bahre
→ Italian: bara

Old Swedish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse bera, bara (East Old Norse), from Proto-Germanic *bazōną.

Verb edit

bara

to bare, make bare

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of bara (weak)

active voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	present			past
infinitive	bara			—
participle	barandi, -e			baraþer
iæk	barar	bari, -e	—	baraþi, -e	baraþi, -e
þū	barar	bari, -e	bara	baraþi, -e	baraþi, -e
han	barar	bari, -e	—	baraþi, -e	baraþi, -e
vīr	barum, -om	barum, -om	barum, -om	baraþum, -om	baraþum, -om
īr	barin	barin	barin	baraþin	baraþin
þēr	bara	barin	—	baraþu, -o	baraþin
mediopassive voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
iæk	baras	baris, -es	—	baraþis, -es	baraþis, -es
þū	baras	baris, -es	—	baraþis, -es	baraþis, -es
han	baras	baris, -es	—	baraþis, -es	baraþis, -es
vīr	barums, -oms	barums, -oms	—	baraþums, -oms	baraþums, -oms
īr	barins	barins	—	baraþins	baraþins
þēr	baras	barins	—	baraþus, -os	baraþins

Romanian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from French barrer (“to bar”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /baˈra/

Verb edit

a bara (third-person singular present barează, past participle barat) 1st conj.

to bar, to block
Synonym: bloca
to strike through

Conjugation edit

conjugation of bara (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

number		singular			plural
infinitive			a bara
gerund			barând
past participle			barat
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	barez	barezi	barează	barăm	barați	barează
	imperfect	baram	barai	bara	baram	barați	barau
	simple perfect	barai	barași	bară	bararăm	bararăți	barară
	pluperfect	barasem	baraseși	barase	baraserăm	baraserăți	baraseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
subjunctive	present	să barez	să barezi	să bareze	să barăm	să barați	să bareze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		barează			barați
	negative		nu bara			nu barați

Rwanda-Rundi edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Bantu *-bàda.

Verb edit

-bara (infinitive kubara, perfective -baze)

to count, calculate

Serbo-Croatian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bara.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /bâra/
Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Noun edit

bȁra f (Cyrillic spelling ба̏ра)

puddle
marsh, swamp

Declension edit

Declension of bara

	singular	plural
nominative	bȁra	bare
genitive	bare	bȃrā
dative	bari	barama
accusative	baru	bare
vocative	baro	bare
locative	bari	barama
instrumental	barom	barama

Noun edit

bara (Cyrillic spelling бара)

genitive singular of bȃr

References edit

“bara” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Shona edit

Etymology edit

From Portuguese bala.

Noun edit

bará class 5 (plural mapará class 6)

bullet

Swahili edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Arabic بَرّ‎ (barr, “mainland”).

Pronunciation edit

Audio (Kenya) (file)

Noun edit

bara (n class, plural bara) or bara (ma class, plural mabara)

mainland
continent
Synonym: kontinenti

Swedish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Swedish bara, from Old Norse *bara (“barely, only”), from *barr, from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (“bare”). Compare Icelandic bara.

Pronunciation edit

(Sweden) IPA^(key): /²bɑːra/
- audio (file)
- (colloquial, unstressed) IPA^(key): /ba/
(Finland) IPA^(key): /bɑrɑ/
Rhymes: -²ɑːra

Adjective edit

bara

inflection of bar:
1. definite singular
2. plural

Adverb edit

bara (not comparable)

just, only
Jag ska bara läsa den här sidan också.
I'll just read this page too.

Vi har bara en bil.
We have only one car.

Alternative forms edit

ba (colloquial)

Synonyms edit

References edit

bara in Svensk ordbok (SO)
bara in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
bara in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Lövestam, Sara (2023), “BARA är inte alltid så bara”, in Språktidningen (in Swedish), issue 4, Vetenskapsmedia, →ISSN

Anagrams edit

arab, arab.

Tagalog edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Spanish barrar (“to mud”) or Spanish varar (“to strand”).

Pronunciation edit

Hyphenation: ba‧ra
IPA^(key): /baˈɾa/, [bɐˈɾa]

Noun edit

bará

clog; blockage; stoppage; obstruction
Synonyms: pasak, sumpal, siksik

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

barado

Etymology 2 edit

From Spanish vara.

Pronunciation edit

Hyphenation: ba‧ra
IPA^(key): /ˈbaɾa/, [ˈba.ɾɐ]

Noun edit

bara

unit of length measuring about 33 inches
measuring stick or tape measure of such a length

Related terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

From Spanish barra.

Pronunciation edit

Hyphenation: ba‧ra
IPA^(key): /ˈbaɾa/, [ˈba.ɾɐ]

Noun edit

bara

shaft; lever; beam (of a balance)
Synonyms: pingga, braso

Derived terms edit

bara-bara

Ternate edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈba.ɾa]

Noun edit

bara

carbuncle

References edit

Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish edit

Noun edit

bara

definite dative singular of bar

Welsh edit

Pronunciation edit

(North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈbara/
(South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈba(ː)ra/
Rhymes: -ara

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Breton bara, Old Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).

Noun edit

bara m (plural bara)

bread
(figuratively) food, meal, sustenance
(figuratively) means of subsistence, livelihood

Derived terms edit

Mutation edit

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
bara	fara	mara	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

bara

Soft mutation of para.

Mutation edit

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
para	bara	mhara	phara
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

[1] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998), “bara”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 17

[yy1981-2] Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.

[1]

[1]