Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/daləm

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /daləm/

Noun

*daləm

inside (interior or inner part)

Adjective

*daləm

inside (within)
deep

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Alune: lale
  - Manggarai: delem
  - Sabu: ɗara
  - Selaru: rala
  - Tetun Dili: laran
  - Yamdena: dalam
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
    - Gebe: i-lalo
  - Proto-Oceanic: *lalom
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Pacific:
        East Fijian:
        Fijian: lalo
        Lauan: lalo
        Proto-Polynesian: *lalo
        Nuclear Polynesian:
        Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: lalo
        Mangarevan: raro
        Marquesan: ʻaʻo
        Rapa Nui: raro
        Tahitic:
        Maori: raro
        Rakahanga-Manihiki: raro
        Rarotongan: raro
        Tahitian: raro
        Tuamotuan: raro
        Western Polynesian:
        Ellicean–Outlier:
        Kapingamarangi: lala
        Nukuoro: lalo
        Sikaiana: lalo
        Takuu: laro, raro
        Tuvaluan: lalo
        Futunic:
        Anuta: raro
        East Futuna: lalo
        Futuna-Aniwa: raro
        Pukapukan: lalo
        Tikopia: raro
        Samoic:
        Samoan: lalo
        Tokelauan: lalo
        Tongic:
        Niuafo'ou: lalo
        Niuean: lalo
        Tongan: lalo
      - Micronesian:
        Chuukese: nónu
        Gilbertese: nano
        Pohnpeian: loal
        Woleaian: lal
      - Southeast Solomonic:
        Arosi: raro
        Gela: lalo
        Sa'a: lalo
      - Southern Oceanic:
        Sungwadaga: lolo
        Lakon: lolon
        Malua Bay: lalen
        Omba: lolo
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Jabem: lêlôm
      - Motu: lalo
      - Numbami: lalo
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Basap–Greater Barito:
  - Basap: terem
  - East Barito:
    - Dusun Witu: lalem
    - Ma'anyan: lalem
    - Malagasy: lalina
  - Mahakam:
    - Tunjung: delem
  - Sama-Bajaw:
    - Central Sama: lalom
    - Inabaknon: lalom
    - Mapun: lawom
    - West Coast Bajau: lalom
    - Yakan: lalem
  - West Barito:
    - Bakumpai: handalem
    - Ngaju: handalem
- Kayanic:
  - Bahau: halam
  - Baram Kayan: dalem
  - Busang Kayan: halem
  - Modang: delam
  - Murik (Malaysia): telem
  - Rejang Kayan: halem
- Land Dayak:
  - Bau Bidayuh: daang
  - Rejang: lem
- North Bornean:
  - Central Sarawakan:
    - Melanau-Kajang:
      - Central Melanau: dalem
      - Kajaman: naɮəm
      - Sekapan: naɮəm
    - Müller-Schwaner:
      - Hovongan: dahom
      - Kereho: dahom
  - Punan:
    - - Bukitan: lolom, lalom
      - Punan Bah-Biau: lalom
      - Punan Tubu: lalom
      - Ukit: lalem
  - North Sarawakan:
    - Berawan: lum
    - Bintulu: dalem
    - Dayic:
      - Kelabit: lem, dalem
      - Lun Bawang: dalem
      - Sa'ban: belem
    - Kenyah: dalem
    - Penan:
      - Eastern Penan: lem, dilem
      - Western Penan: dilem
  - Northeast Sabahan:
    - Ida'an: dallom, allom
    - Bonggi: dalabm
  - Southwest Sabahan:
    - Dusunic:
      - Brunei Bisaya: lalom
      - Central Dusun: aralom
      - Coastal Kadazan: aahom
      - Dumpas: alalom
      - Kimaragang: aralom, ralom
      - Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: aralom
      - Rungus: aralom
    - Murutic:
      - Burusu: dalom
      - Northern Tidung: dalom
      - Timugon Murut: ralalom
    - Paitanic:
      - Tombonuo: olalom
      - Upper Kinabatangan: alalom, lalom
- Proto-Philippine: *daləm
  - Batanic:
    - Ibatan: rahem
    - Ivatan: arahem
    - Yami: rahem
  - Central Luzon:
    - Abenlen Ayta: olalem, lale
    - Kapampangan: lalam
    - Mag-Anchi Ayta: lalê
    - Sambali: lalum
  - Greater Central Philippine:
    - Central Philippine:
      - Bikol:
        Bikol Central: rarom
      - Mansakan:
        Mansaka: darum
        Tagakaulu Kalagan: lalem
      - Tagalogic:
        Tagalog: lalim
      - Visayan:
        Asi:
        Asi: rayom
        Central Visayan:
        Hiligaynon: dalum, halalum
        Masbatenyo: dalom
        Romblomanon: dāyum
        Waray-Waray: halarum
        Cebuan:
        Cebuano: dalom, lalom
        Southern Visayan:
        Tausug: lawm
        Western Visayan:
        Aklanon: daeom
        Kinaray-a: dalom
    - Danao:
      - Iranun: dalem
      - Maguindanao: dalum, dalem
      - Maranao: dalem
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow:
      - Buol: dualom
      - Gorontalo: delomo
      - Lolak: sidalom
      - Mongondow: kodalom, sidalom
    - Manobo:
      - Agusan Manobo: 'dayom
      - Ata Manobo: dalom
      - Binukid: dalem
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo: dalem
    - Palawan:
      - Brooke's Point Palawano: rarem
      - Central Tagbanwa: adɨlɨm, idalɨm
      - Palawan Batak: adalum
      - Tagbanwa: ararem
    - Subanen:
      - Central Subanen: dalem
  - Kalamian:
    - Agutaynen: dalem
  - Minahasan:
    - Tonsea: lalem
  - Northern Luzon:
    - Cagayan Valley:
      - Ibanag: dalam, alaram
      - Itawit: adalam
    - Ilocano: dalem
    - South–Central Cordilleran:
      - Central Cordilleran:
        Kalinga–Itneg:
        Limos Kalinga: dalom
        Lubuagan Kalinga: jalom
        Southern Kalinga: charom
        Nuclear Cordilleran:
        Bontoc:
        Central Bontoc: dalem
        Eastern Bontoc: chor-om
        Ifugao:
        Batad Ifugao: dalom
        Tuwali Ifugao: dalom
        Kankanaey:
        Kankanaey: adaem
        Northern Kankanay: adaem
      - Southern Cordilleran:
        Ibaloi: naydaem
        Keley-I Kallahan: dallem
        Pangasinan: dalem
  - Sangiric:
    - Sangir: dalung
    - Talaud: raḷumma
  - South Mindanao:
    - Sarangani Blaan: lam
    - Tboli: lam
    - Tiruray: dalem
- Celebic:
  - Muna: lalo
  - Pamona: raya
  - Totoli: lalom
  - Uma: rala
- Moklenic:
  - Moken: dalam
  - Moklen: dɐːlɐn, lɐm
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Nasal: delum
  - Toba Batak: dalom
- Chamorro: halom
- Lampungic:
  - Abung: dilem
  - Komering: dilom
  - Lampung Api: dilom
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:
    - Balinese: dalem
    - Sasak: dalem
    - Sumbawa: dalam
  - Madurese: dhalem
  - Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
    - Proto-Chamic: *dalam
      - Acehnese: dalam, lam
      - Coastal Chamic:
        Eastern Cham: ꨕꨤꩌ (dalam)
        Haroi: lăm
      - Highlands Chamic:
        Jarai: dơlăm
        Rade: êlam
        Chru–Northern Chamic:
        Chru: lăm
        Northern Chamic:
        Northern Roglai: dalap
        Tsat: laːn⁴²
    - Proto-Malayic: *daləm
      - Ibanic:
        Iban: dalam
        Mualang: alam
        Seberuang: dalam
      - Malayan:
        Brunei Malay: dalam
        Malay: dalam
        Indonesian: dalam
        Kerinci: dalon
        Minangkabau: dalam
      - Urak Lawoi': ดาลับ (dalap)
  - Sundanese: dalem
- Old Javanese: dalem
  - Javanese: dalem
- Proto-South Sulawesi:
  - Buginese: laleng
  - Embaloh: ilalam
  - Makasar: lalang, ilalang
  - Mandar: lalang
  - Tae': mandalan, lan

Further reading

Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *dalem

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