lem
AlbanianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- len (dialectal)
EtymologyEdit
Possibly from a Proto-Albanian *leudno, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“man, people”). Alternatively formed from polem.
NounEdit
lem m (indefinite plural leme, definite singular lemi, definite plural lemet)
DeclensionEdit
indefinite forms (trajta të pashquara) |
definite forms (trajta të shquara) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (numri njëjës) |
plural (numri shumës) |
singular (numri njëjës) |
plural (numri shumës) | ||
nominative (emërore) |
lem | leme | lemi | lemet | |
accusative (kallëzore) |
lem | leme | lemin | lemet | |
genitive (gjinore) (i/e/të/së) |
lemi | lemeve | lemit | lemevet | |
dative (dhanore) |
lemi | lemeve | lemit | lemevet | |
ablative (rrjedhore) |
lemi | lemesh | lemit | lemevet |
AromanianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin lignum. Compare Daco-Romanian lemn.
NounEdit
lem n (plural lemi)
CimbrianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German leben, from Old High German lebēn, from Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną (“to live; to be alive”). Cognate with German leben, English live.
VerbEdit
lem (auxiliary håm)
ReferencesEdit
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
DanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Danish lim, from Old Norse limr, from Proto-Germanic *limuz (“branch, limb”), cognate with Norwegian, Swedish lem, English limb, Dutch leem.
NounEdit
lem n (singular definite lemmet, plural indefinite lemmer)
InflectionEdit
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “lem,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Norse hlemmr, from Proto-Germanic *hlammiz (“noice; lid”), cognate with Norwegian lem, Swedish läm, Old English hlemm, Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (hlamma).
NounEdit
lem c (singular definite lemmen, plural indefinite lemme)
InflectionEdit
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “lem,1” in Den Danske Ordbog
IcelandicEdit
VerbEdit
lem (weak)
IndonesianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch lijm, from Middle Dutch lijm, from Old Dutch *līm, from Proto-Germanic *līmaz.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
lem or lèm
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “lem” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
ContractionEdit
lem (triggers lenition)
- (Munster) Contraction of le mo (“with my”).
- Chuir sé cúl orm lem chuid oibre.
- It left me late with my work.
Related termsEdit
Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* |
de mo dem* |
de do ded*, det* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* |
do mo dom* |
do do dod*, dot* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
fara (“along with, beside”) | fairis an | fairis na | fara mo | fara do | farana | faranár | faranar | faranarb | faranarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* |
i do id*, it* |
ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* |
le do led*, let* |
lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* |
ó mo óm* |
ó do ód*, ót* |
óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
LivonianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *lämbin. Akin to Finnish lämmin.
AdjectiveEdit
lem
Middle IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Irish lem, from Proto-Celtic *lēmos, *limos (compare Welsh llwyf), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”); compare Latin ulmus.
NounEdit
lem m (genitive lim)
Etymology 2Edit
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”).
AdjectiveEdit
lem
DescendantsEdit
- Irish: leamh
MutationEdit
Middle Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
lem | unchanged | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further readingEdit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 lem (‘elm tree’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 lem (‘soft’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
MòchenoEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle High German leben, from Old High German lebēn, from Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną (“to live; to be alive”). Cognate with German leben, English live.
VerbEdit
lem
- to live
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle High German leben, from Old High German lebēn (noun), from the verb. Cognate with German Leben.
NounEdit
lem n
ReferencesEdit
- “lem” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse limr, from Proto-Germanic *limuz (“branch, limb”) (compare English limb).
NounEdit
lem (definite singular lemmen or lemen, indefinite plural lemmar or lemmer or lemar or lemer, definite plural lammane or lemmene or lemane or lemene)
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Norse hlemmr, from Proto-Germanic *hlammiz, as also Icelandic hlemmur.
NounEdit
lem m (definite singular lemmen, indefinite plural lemmar, definite plural lemmane)
Etymology 3Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
VerbEdit
lem
- present tense and imperative of lemja and lemje
- imperative of lema, leme, lema and leme
- imperative of lemma and lemme
ReferencesEdit
- “lem” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
AnagramsEdit
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse limr, from Proto-Germanic *limuz (“branch, limb”) (compare English limb).
NounEdit
lem c
Usage notesEdit
(sense 2) has similar tone to English member.
DeclensionEdit
Declension of lem | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | lem | lemmen | lemmar | lemmarna |
Genitive | lems | lemmens | lemmars | lemmarnas |
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
VietnameseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
Derived termsEdit
VolapükEdit
NounEdit
lem (nominative plural lems)