Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/časъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *keˀs-, probably from a Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)eh₁s- (“time”), itself possibly related to *kʷeh₁y- (“to perceive”). Cognate with Old Prussian kīsman (“time”) and Albanian kohë (“time”). Akin to *čajati (“to wait, expect”) and *čakati, with a semantic development similar to the one found between *godъ and *žьdati (“to wait”).

The other possibility is from the lengthened grade of Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to go”), with a semantic development similar to the one found in Latin annus (“year”) (< earlier *atnos < PIE *h₂et- (“to go”); compare Sanskrit अटति (átati, “to go”)).

Noun

*čàsъ m

1. time

Declension

Declension of *čàsъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*čàsъ	*čàsa	*čàsi
genitive	*čàsa	*čàsu	*čàsъ
dative	*čàsu	*čàsoma	*čàsomъ
accusative	*čàsъ	*čàsa	*čàsy
instrumental	*čàsъmь, *čàsomь*	*čàsoma	*čàsȳ
locative	*čàsě	*čàsu	*čàsě̄xъ
vocative	*čàse	*čàsa	*čàsi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

• *čajati (“to wait, expect”) (possibly)
• *čakati (possibly)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: часъ (časŭ)
    • Belarusian: час (čas)
    • Russian: час (čas), часъ (čas) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
      • → Kildin Sami: ча̄сс (čāss, “hour, watch”)
      • → Yakut: чаас (caas, “hour”)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: час (čas)
    • Ukrainian: час (čas)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic script: ⱍⰰⱄⱏ (časŭ)

    Old Cyrillic script: часъ (časŭ)

  • Bulgarian: час (čas)
  • Macedonian: час (čas)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: час

    Latin script: čas

    • → Albanian: çast
  • Slovene: čas
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: čas
    • Czech: čas
      • Bohemian (Chod dialect): čas
      • Moravian (Mistřice): čas
  • Old Polish: czas
    • Polish: czas
    • Silesian: czas, czŏs
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: czas
    • Slovincian: czas
  • Old Slovak: čas
    • Pannonian Rusyn: час (čas)
    • Slovak: čas
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: cas
    • Upper Sorbian: čas

• → Romanian: ceas

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “час”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*časъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 27
• Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*časъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 116
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “czas”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “czas”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN