Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/želěti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gėlà (“acute pain”), gélti (“to hurt sharply, to sting”), gìlti (“to become sick”), 1sg. gìlstu, gilaũ (?), Latvian dzel̂t (“to stab”). Indo-European cognates include Old High German quāla (“violent death”), quelan (“to feel a sharp pain”), Old Saxon quāla (“pain, torture”), Old English cwelan (“to die”), English quell, Old Armenian կեղեմ (kełem, “to torment”), Old Armenian կեղ (keł, “sore, ulcer”). Possibly cognate with Ancient Greek βελόνη (belónē, “blade, nail”).

Verb

*želěti

2. to regret

Inflection

Conjugation of *želěti, *želě, *želějetь (impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*želěnьje	*želěti	*želětъ	*želělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*želěnъ	*želějemъ
Active	*želěvъ	*želěję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*želěxъ	*želě	*želě	*želějǫ	*želěješi	*želějetь
Dual	*želěxově	*želěsta	*želěste	*želějevě	*želějeta	*želějete
Plural	*želěxomъ	*želěste	*želěšę	*želějemъ	*želějete	*želějǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*želěaxъ	*želěaše	*želěaše	—	*želěji	*želěji
Dual	*želěaxově	*želěašeta	*želěašete	*želějivě	*želějita	—
Plural	*želěaxomъ	*želěašete	*želěaxǫ	*želějimъ	*želějite	—

Derived terms

• *želьba (“grief, sorrow”)

Related terms

Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-‎ (0 c, 8 e)

Descendants

• Church Slavonic: желѣти (želěti, “to regret, to grieve”) (Russian)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: жeлѣти (želěti)
    • Old Ruthenian: жалѣ́ти (žalě́ti)
      • Ukrainian: жалі́ти (žalíty)
    • Russian: жале́ть (žalétʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: желе́я (želéja) (dialectal), жале́я (žaléja) (standard, re-shaped under the influence of *žalь)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: žěleti, žěliti
    • Czech: želet
    • → Old Polish: żeleć
  • Slovak: želeť

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “жале́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 290
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жале́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*želěti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 555

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)gʷʰel-. Cognate with Ancient Greek θέλω (thélō, “to wish, to want”). Per Chernykh also cognate with Old Norse gilja (“to lure, to seduce, to tempt”).

Verb

*želěti

2. to wish, to want

Alternative forms

• *želàti

Inflection

Conjugation of *želěti, *želě, *želitь (?, -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*želěnьje	*želěti	*želětъ	*želělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*želěnъ	*želimъ
Active	*želěvъ	*želę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*želěxъ	*želě	*želě	*žeľǫ	*želiši	*želitь
Dual	*želěxově	*želěsta	*želěste	*želivě	*želita	*želite
Plural	*želěxomъ	*želěste	*želěšę	*želimъ	*želite	*želętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*želěaxъ	*želěaše	*želěaše	—	*želi	*želi
Dual	*želěaxově	*želěašeta	*želěašete	*želivě	*želita	—
Plural	*želěaxomъ	*želěašete	*želěaxǫ	*želimъ	*želite	—

Conjugation of *želěti, *želě, *želějetь (?, -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*želěnьje	*želěti	*želětъ	*želělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*želěnъ	*želějemъ
Active	*želěvъ	*želěję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*želěxъ	*želě	*želě	*želějǫ	*želěješi	*želějetь
Dual	*želěxově	*želěsta	*želěste	*želějevě	*želějeta	*želějete
Plural	*želěxomъ	*želěste	*želěšę	*želějemъ	*želějete	*želějǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*želěaxъ	*želěaše	*želěaše	—	*želěji	*želěji
Dual	*želěaxově	*želěašeta	*želěašete	*želějivě	*želějita	—
Plural	*želěaxomъ	*želěašete	*želěaxǫ	*želějimъ	*želějite	—

Related terms

• *žeľa (“wish, desire”)
• *želьba (“wish”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: желати (želati), 1sg. желаю (želaju); literary желѣти (želěti), 1sg. желю (želju), желѣю (želěju)
    • Russian: жела́ть (želátʹ), 1sg. жела́ю (želáju)
    • Ukrainian: жела́ти (želáty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: желѣти (želěti), 1sg. желѣѭ (želějǫ); желати (želati), 1sg. желаѭ (želajǫ)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: жела́я (želája)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: жѐљети, 1sg. жѐлӣм

    Latin: žèljeti, 1sg. žèlīm

  • Slovene: želẹ́ti (tonal orthography), 1sg. želím (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: želeti, 1sg. želeji
  • Slovak: želieť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: želić

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “жела́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 295
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жела́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*želěti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 555