Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-aľь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Cognate with Lithuanian -lỹs in pirklỹs (< pir̃kti), piršlỹs (< pir̃šti).

Suffix

*-aľь m

1. (added to verbs)

   Synonyms: *-ařь, *-čь, *-ьcь

   *kovati (“to forge”) → *kovaľь (“blacksmith”)

   *kopati (“to dig”) → *kopaľь (“digger”)

   *xaxati → *xaxaľь

   *obьrtati → *obьrtaľь (compare *obьrtalъ, *obьrtelъ)

2. (added to nouns)

   *gora (“mountain”) → *goraľь (“mountain dweller”) (compare *gorakъ, *gorěnъ / *gorěninъ)

   *nosъ (“nose”) → *nosaľь (“human with big nose”) (compare *nosačь, *nosakъ, *nosanъ, *nosařь)

3. (added to adjectives)

   *lysъ (“bald”) → *lysaľь (compare *lysačь, *lysakъ, *lysanъ)

Declension

Declension of *-aľь (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-aľь	*-aľa	*-aľi
genitive	*-aľa	*-aľu	*-aľь
dative	*-aľu	*-aľema	*-aľemъ
accusative	*-aľь	*-aľa	*-aľę̇
instrumental	*-aľьmь, *-aľemь*	*-aľema	*-aľi
locative	*-aľi	*-aľu	*-aľixъ
vocative	*-aľu	*-aľa	*-aľi

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-aľь

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: -аль (-alĭ)
    • Belarusian: -а́ль (-álʹ)
    • Russian: -аль (-alʹ), -а́ль (-álʹ)
    • Ukrainian: -а́ль (-álʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: —
  • Bulgarian: —
  • Macedonian: —
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: -аљ

    Latin script: -alj

  • Slovene: -ar
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: -al, -ál, -áľ
  • Old Polish: -al
    • Polish: -al
  • Slovak: -al, -ál, -áľ
  • Slovincian: -ol
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: -al

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*goralь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 31
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xaxalь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 10
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopalь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 14
• Trubachyov, Oleg et al., editors (1974–2021), “7”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 12
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1990), “*lysalь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 17 (*lъžь – *matješьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 36
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*nosalь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 199
• Trubachyov, O., Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*obvьrtalъ / *obvьrtalь / *obvьrtelъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 31 (*obvelčenьje – *obžьniviny), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 132