-ar

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ar"

English

Etymology 1

From Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”).

Suffix

-ar

2. Of, near, or pertaining to; adjective suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.

   Synonyms: -al, -an, -ary, -ese, -ic, -id, -ish, -like, -oid, -ory, -ous, -y

   ‎pole + ‎-ar → ‎polar

   ‎line + ‎-ar → ‎linear

   ‎molecule + ‎-ar → ‎molecular

   ‎alveolus + ‎-ar → ‎alveolar

   ‎column + ‎-ar → ‎columnar

Usage notes

See usage notes at -al.

Translations

of, near, or pertaining to

• Arabic: ـِيّ (ar) (-iyy)
• Hungarian: -áris
• Portuguese: -ar (pt)

Etymology 2

From Latin -ārius or French -aire.

Suffix

-ar

1. (clarification of this definition is needed) Forming nouns such as vicar, exemplar, bursar, etc.

Etymology 3

From Middle English -ar, -are, variant of Middle English -ere, from Old English -ere. More at -er.

Suffix

-ar

1. Forms agent nouns.

   beggar, liar, pedlar

Etymology 4

Clipping of star.; modelled after the earlier coinages pulsar and quasar.

Suffix

-ar

1. (astronomy) Used to form names of star types, such as magnetar, collapsar, etc.

Coordinate terms

• aster-
• astro-
• helio-
• solar
• starry
• stellar

 

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ar

Anagrams

• 'RA, 'Ra, ra, RA, Ra

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• -aru, -ariu

Etymology

From Latin -ārius, -ārium. Compare Daco-Romanian -ar.

Suffix

-ar m

1. suffix used to denote a profession or craft

Derived terms

Aromanian terms suffixed with -ar

Azerbaijani

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	A / I / O / U	E / Ə / İ / Ö / Ü
postconsonantal	-ar	-ər
postvocalic	-yar	-yər

-ar

1. Postconsonantal form of -ər after the vowels A / I / O / U.

Basque

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ar

1. Alternative form of -tar (demonym-forming suffix)

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ar

Etymology 2

From ar (“male”).

Suffix

-ar

1. male (animals)

   ‎katu (“cat”) + ‎-ar → ‎katar (“tomcat”)

Etymology 3

Suffix

-ar

1. [with verbal noun] about to

   Itxaron, bukatzear nago. ― Wait, I'll finish in a moment.

Further reading

• “-ar” in Labayru Hiztegia

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”).

Pronunciation

(adjective)

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈar]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈaɾ]

(noun)

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈaɾ]

Suffix

-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ars)

1. -ar; forms adjectives of one form indicating that the noun that is modified by the adjective is pertaining to the root word used to form the adjective

Suffix

-ar m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ars)

1. forms nouns indicating where a given crop is grown

   ‎taronger (“orange tree”) + ‎-ar → ‎tarongerar (“orange grove”)

2. forms nouns indicating where something is usually found

   ‎canyís (“common reed”) + ‎-ar → ‎canyissar (“reed bed”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin -āre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈaɾ]

Suffix

-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -í, past participle -at)

1. forms first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word

   ‎col·lecció (“collection”) + ‎-ar → ‎col·leccionar (“to collect”)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of -ar (first conjugation)

infinitive			-ar
gerund			-ant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		-at		-ada
		plural		-ats		-ades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	-o	-es	-a	-em	-eu	-en
	imperfect	-ava	-aves	-ava	-àvem	-àveu	-aven
	future	-aré	-aràs	-arà	-arem	-areu	-aran
	preterite	-í	-ares	-à	-àrem	-àreu	-aren
	conditional	-aria	-aries	-aria	-aríem	-aríeu	-arien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	-i	-is	-i	-em	-eu	-in
	imperfect	-és	-essis	-és	-éssim	-éssiu	-essin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	-a	-i	-em	-eu	-in
	negative (no)	—	no -is	no -i	no -em	no -eu	no -in

Derived terms

Catalan terms suffixed with -ar

Further reading

• “-ar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “-ar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -āre.

Suffix

-ar (ORB, broad)

1. Forms first-conjugation verbs.

Derived terms

Franco-Provençal terms suffixed with -ar

Galician

Etymology 1

From Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”).

Suffix

-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ares)

1. -ar; forms relational adjectives from nouns

   ‎molécula (“molecule”) + ‎-ar → ‎molecular (“molecular”)

Etymology 2

From Latin -āre.

Suffix

-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -ei, past participle -ado)

1. forms first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word

   ‎fragmento (“fragment”) + ‎-ar → ‎fragmentar (“to fragment”)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of -ar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	-ar
Personal	-ar	-ares	-ar	-armos	-ardes	-aren
Gerund
	-ando
Past participle
Masculine	-ado			-ados
Feminine	-ada			-adas
Indicative
Present	-o	-as	-a	-amos	-ades	-an
Imperfect	-aba	-abas	-aba	-abamos	-abades	-aban
Preterite	-ei	-aches	-ou	-amos	-astes	-aron
Pluperfect	-ara	-aras	-ara	-aramos	-arades	-aran
Future	-arei	-arás	-ará	-aremos	-aredes	-arán
Conditional	-aría	-arías	-aría	-ariamos	-ariades	-arían
Subjunctive
Present	-e	-es	-e	-emos	-edes	-en
Imperfect	-ase	-ases	-ase	-ásemos	-ásedes	-asen
Future	-ar	-ares	-ar	-armos	-ardes	-aren
Imperative
Affirmative		-a	-e	-emos	-ade	-en
Negative (non)		non -es	non -e	non -emos	non -edes	non -en

Derived terms

From

Galician terms suffixed with -ar

German

Etymology

From Latin -arius. Doublet of -er and -är.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaːr/, [ˈaː(ɐ̯)], [ˈaːʁ]

Suffix

-ar

1. -ary

   ‎Mission + ‎-ar → ‎Missionar

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from French -er, Italian -are, Spanish -ar, from Latin -āre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈar/

Suffix

-ar

1. This ending denotes the present infinitive form of a verb.

   Me volas komprar ca objekto. ― I want to buy this thing.

Derived terms

Ido terms suffixed with -ar

Related terms

• -ir (past infinitive tense)
• -or (future infinitive tense)

Interlingua

Suffix

-ar

1. Added to a noun root word, this forms a verb meaning to apply or make use of the root.
2. Added to an adjectival root word, this forms a verb meaning to render/make (adjective) the object of the verb.

See also

• -isar
• -ificar

Latin

Alternative forms

• -āre
• -al, -āle (when not preceded by l)
• -ārium

Etymology

From apocope of final e in -āre, neuter of -āris, dissimilated form (after a preceding l) of -ālis.

Suffix

-ar n (genitive -āris); third declension

1. noun-forming suffix

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-ar	-āria
Genitive	-āris	-ārium
Dative	-ārī	-āribus
Accusative	-ar	-āria
Ablative	-ārī	-āribus
Vocative	-ar	-āria

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -ar

Ngarrindjeri

Suffix

-ar

1. Suffix meaning many and used to denote a plural.

   ‎mimini (“woman”) + ‎-ar → ‎miminar (“women”)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ar/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse -ar, the nominative plural ending for masculine a-stem and feminine o-stem nouns.

Suffix

-ar m or f

1. Used to form regular indefinite plurals of most masculine nouns.

   ‎gut (“boy”) + ‎-ar → ‎gutar (“boys”)

2. Used to form regular indefinite plurals of some feminine nouns.

   ‎gjerning (“act”) + ‎-ar → ‎gjerningar (“acts”)

See also

• -ane
• -en

Etymology 2

From Old Norse -ar, the genitive singular ending for strong feminine nouns and masculine i- and u-stem nouns.

Alternative forms

• -a

Interfix

-ar m or f

1. Used to form indefinite genitive singulars of strong feminine nouns and some strong masculine nouns, used in frozen expressions.

   Ein fredar mann. ― A peaceful man/person.

Etymology 3

From Old Norse -ari.

Alternative forms

• -ari, -are, -ær (dialectal)

Suffix

-ar m

1. Used to form nouns from verbs, a person who performs the action of the verb.

   Ein som lever av å baka, er ein bakar. ― One who makes his living baking is a baker.

Etymology 4

From Old Norse -arr, from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“warrior”), *warjaz (“defender”) and *gaizaz (“spear”).

Suffix

-ar m

2. A name suffix, meaning warrior, guardian or spear

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan -ar, from Latin -āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa/

Suffix

-ar

1. Suffix of verbs of the first conjugation

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		-ar			aver -at
gerund		-ant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		-at			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	-i	-as	-a	-am	-atz	-an
	imperfect	-avi	-avas	-ava	-àvem	-àvetz	-avan
	preterite	-èri	-ères	-èt	-èrem	-èretz	-èron
	future	-arai	-aràs	-arà	-arem	-aretz	-aràn
	conditional	-ariái	-ariás	-ariá	-ariam	-ariatz	-arián
	conditional 2nd form1	-èra	-èras	-èra	-eram	-eratz	-èran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	-e	-es	-e	-em	-etz	-en
	imperfect	-èssi	-èsses	-èsse	-èssem	-èssetz	-èsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			-a		-em	-atz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Auvernhàs

		simple			compound
infinitive		-ar			aver -at
gerund		-ant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		-at			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	-e	-es	-a	-am	-atz	-on
	imperfect	-ave	-aves	-ava	-aviam	-aviatz	-avon
	preterite	-ere	-eres	-et	-em	-etz	-eron
	future	-arai	-aràs	-ará	-arem	-aretz	-arán
	conditional	-ariá	-ariás	-ariá	-ariam	-ariatz	-arián
	conditional 2nd form1	-èra	-èras	-èra	-eram	-eratz	-èran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	-e	-es	-e	-assiam	-assiatz	-on
	imperfect	-esse	-esses	-esse	-essiam	-essiatz	-esson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			-a		-assiam	-atz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Gascon

		simple			compound
infinitive		-ar			aver -at
gerund		-ant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		-at			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	-i	-as	-a	-am	-atz	-an
	imperfect	-avi	-avas	-ava	-àvam	-àvatz	-avan
	preterite	-èi	-ès	-è	-èm	-ètz	-èn
	future	-arèi	-aràs	-arà	-aram	-aratz	-aràn
	conditional	-arí	-arés	-aré	-arem	-aretz	-arén
	conditional 2nd form1	-èra	-èras	-èra	-eram	-eratz	-èran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	-i	-es	-e	-em	-etz	-en
	imperfect	-èssi	-èsses	-èsse	-èssem	-èssetz	-èssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			-a		-em	-atz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Lemosin

		simple			compound
infinitive		-ar			aver -at
gerund		-ant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		-at			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	-e	-as	-a	-am	-atz	-an
	imperfect	-ava	-avas	-ava	-àvam	-àvatz	-avan
	preterite	-ei	-eras	-et	-èram	-èratz	-eran
	future	-arai	-aràs	-ará	-arem	-aretz	-arán
	conditional	-ariá	-ariàs	-ariá	-ariam	-ariatz	-arián
	conditional 2nd form1	-èra	-èras	-èra	-eram	-eratz	-èran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	-e	-es	-e	-em	-etz	-en
	imperfect	-èsse	-èsses	-èsse	-èssem	-èssetz	-èssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			-a		-em	-atz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Provençau

		simple			compound
infinitive		-ar			aver -at
gerund		-ant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		-at			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	-e	-es	-a	-am	-atz	-an
	imperfect	-avi	-avas	-ava	-àvem	-àvetz	-avan
	preterite	-ère	-ères	-èt	-eriam	-eriatz	-èron
	future	-arai	-aràs	-arà	-arem	-aretz	-aràn
	conditional	-ariáu	-ariás	-ariá	-ariam	-ariatz	-arián
	conditional 2nd form1	-èra	-èras	-èra	-eram	-eratz	-èran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	-e	-es	-e	-em	-etz	-an
	imperfect	-èsse	-èsses	-èsse	-essiam	-essiatz	-èsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			-a		-em	-atz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin -āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.

Suffix

-ar

1. forms verbs from nouns or adjectives — forms regular first-conjugation verbs in the impersonal infinitive
2. forms the first-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
3. forms the third-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs

Conjugation

    Conjugation of -ar

infinitive		simple		-ar
		compound		infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
gerund		simple		-ando
		compound		gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		-ado		-ada
		feminine		-ados		-adas
present participle				-ante		-antes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	-o	-as	-a	-amos	-ades	-an
	imperfect	-ava	-avas	-ava	-avamos, -ávamos	-avades, -ávades	-avan
	preterite	-ei	-aste, -asche, -ache	-ou	-amos	-astes	-aron
	pluperfect	-ara	-aras	-ara	-aramos, -áramos	-arades, -árades	-aran
	future	-arei	-arás	-ará	-aremos	-aredes	-arán
	conditional	-aria	-arias	-aria	-ariamos, -aríamos	-ariades, -aríades	-arian
compound tenses	present perfect	present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	present imperfect	imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	past anterior	preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
subjunctive mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	-e	-es	-e	-emos	-edes	-en
	preterite	-asse	-asses	-asse	-ássemos	-ássedes	-assen
	future	-ar	-ares	-ar	-armos	-ardes	-aren
compound tenses	present perfect	present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
imperative mood		—	tu	vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	—
affirmative		—	-a	-e	-emos	-ade	—
negative		—	non -es	non -e	non -emos	non -edes	—
personal infinitive		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
		-ar	-ares	-ar	-armos	-ardes	-aren
1 Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well. 2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver".

Old Norse

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ar/

Suffix

-ar

1. plural (clarification of this definition is needed)
2. genitive (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -ar, from Latin -āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa(ʁ)/ [ˈa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa(ʁ)/ [ˈa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈa(ʁ)/ [ˈa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾi/

• (Caipira) IPA^(key): [ˈaɻ]
• (Northeast Brazil) IPA^(key): [ˈa(ʁ)]
• Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -aɾ, (Brazil) -aʁ, (Brazil, with r-dropping) -a

Suffix

-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -ei, past participle -ado)

2. forms verbs from nouns or adjectives — forms regular first-conjugation verbs in the impersonal infinitive

   ‎asfalto (“asphalt”) + ‎-ar → ‎asfaltar (“to asphalt”)

   ‎diálogo (“dialogue”) + ‎-ar → ‎dialogar (“to dialogue”)

3. forms the first-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
4. forms the third-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs

Conjugation

    Conjugation of -ar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	-ar
Personal	-ar	-ares	-ar	-armos	-ardes	-arem
Gerund
	-ando
Past participle
Masculine	-ado			-ados
Feminine	-ada			-adas
Indicative
Present	-o	-as	-a	-amos	-ais	-am
Imperfect	-ava	-avas	-ava	-ávamos	-áveis	-avam
Preterite	-ei	-aste	-ou	-amos1, -ámos2	-astes	-aram
Pluperfect	-ara	-aras	-ara	-áramos	-áreis	-aram
Future	-arei	-arás	-ará	-aremos	-areis	-arão
Conditional	-aria	-arias	-aria	-aríamos	-aríeis	-ariam
Subjunctive
Present	-e	-es	-e	-emos	-eis	-em
Imperfect	-asse	-asses	-asse	-ássemos	-ásseis	-assem
Future	-ar	-ares	-ar	-armos	-ardes	-arem
Imperative
Affirmative		-a	-e	-emos	-ai	-em
Negative (não)		não -es	não -e	não -emos	não -eis	não -em

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

Portuguese verbs suffixed with -ar

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese -ar, from Latin āre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈaʁ/ [ˈah]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈaʁ/ [ˈah]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈaɾ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈaʁ/ [ˈaχ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈaɻ/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾi/

• Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -aɾ, (Brazil) -aʁ

Suffix

-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ares)

1. forms adjectives from nouns, especially those that already contain an L; -ar

   Synonyms: -al, -ário

Derived terms

Portuguese adjectives suffixed with -ar

Romanian

Alternative forms

• -ariu — archaic

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ārium, accusative of -ārius.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ar/

Suffix

-ar m (plural -ari)

1. Added to a word to denote a profession or craft; -er

   ‎roată (“wheel”) + ‎-ar → ‎rotar (“wheeler”)

   ‎oală (“pot”) + ‎-ar → ‎olar (“potter”)

   ‎fier (“iron”) + ‎-ar → ‎fierar (“blacksmith”)

   ‎vacă (“cow”) + ‎-ar → ‎văcar (“cowherd”)

   ‎porc (“pig”) + ‎-ar → ‎porcar (“swineherd”)

Declension

Declension of -ar

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) -ar	-arul	(niște) -ari	-arii
genitive/dative	(unui) -ar	-arului	(unor) -ari	-arilor
vocative	-arule		-arilor

Derived terms

Romanian terms suffixed with -ar

See also

• -tor
• -easă

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ařь.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aːr/

Suffix

-ar (Cyrillic spelling -ар)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, a person who does something, or an animal who does something.

Usage notes

Nouns with this ending may use either the non-palatal declension (V sg. -e, I sg. -om) or the palatal declension (V sg. -u, I sg. -em), e.g. s pekarom or s pekarem.

Derived terms

Serbo-Croatian terms suffixed with -ar

See also

• -jar
• -ičar

References

• Browne, Wayles (1993) “Serbo-Croat”, in Comrie, Bernard, Corbett, Greville G., editors, The Slavonic Languages, London and New York: Routledge, page 320
• Babić, Stjepan (2002), Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku, 3rd revised edition, Zagreb: HAZU, page(s) 122, § 321

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *-ařь.

Suffix

-ar m

1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun.

Derived terms

Slovene terms suffixed with -ar

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaɾ/ [ˈaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: -ar

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin -āris.

Suffix

-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ares)

1. indicates membership or status

   ‎gránulo (“granule”) + ‎-ar → ‎granular (“granular”)

   ‎testículo (“testicle”) + ‎-ar → ‎testicular (“testicular”)

Suffix

-ar m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ares)

1. indicates a place where something is grown

   Synonym: -al

   ‎anís (“anise”) + ‎-ar → ‎anisar (“anise field”)

   ‎haba (“bean”) + ‎-ar → ‎habar (“bean patch”)

   ‎sandía (“watermelon”) + ‎-ar → ‎sandiar (“watermelon patch”)

Derived terms

Spanish terms suffixed with -ar

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin -āre, the infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.

Suffix

-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -é, past participle -ado)

1. forms first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word

   ‎programa (“program”) + ‎-ar → ‎programar (“to schedule”)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of -ar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			-ar
gerund			-ando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		-ado		-ada
		plural		-ados		-adas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	-o	-astú -ásvos	-a	-amos	-áis	-an
	imperfect	-aba	-abas	-aba	-ábamos	-abais	-aban
	preterite	-é	-aste	-ó	-amos	-asteis	-aron
	future	-aré	-arás	-ará	-aremos	-aréis	-arán
	conditional	-aría	-arías	-aría	-aríamos	-aríais	-arían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	-e	-estú -ésvos2	-e	-emos	-éis	-en
	imperfect (ra)	-ara	-aras	-ara	-áramos	-arais	-aran
	imperfect (se)	-ase	-ases	-ase	-ásemos	-aseis	-asen
	future1	-are	-ares	-are	-áremos	-areis	-aren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		-atú -ávos	-e	-emos	-ad	-en
	negative		no -es	no -e	no -emos	no -éis	no -en

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of -ar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive -ar
	dative	-arme	-arte	-arle, -arse	-arnos	-aros	-arles, -arse
	accusative	-arme	-arte	-arlo, -arla, -arse	-arnos	-aros	-arlos, -arlas, -arse
with gerund -ando
	dative	-ándome	-ándote	-ándole, -ándose	-ándonos	-ándoos	-ándoles, -ándose
	accusative	-ándome	-ándote	-ándolo, -ándola, -ándose	-ándonos	-ándoos	-ándolos, -ándolas, -ándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative -a
	dative	-ame	-ate	-ale	-anos	not used	-ales
	accusative	-ame	-ate	-alo, -ala	-anos	not used	-alos, -alas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative -á
	dative	-ame	-ate	-ale	-anos	not used	-ales
	accusative	-ame	-ate	-alo, -ala	-anos	not used	-alos, -alas
with formal second-person singular imperative -e
	dative	-eme	not used	-ele, -ese	-enos	not used	-eles
	accusative	-eme	not used	-elo, -ela, -ese	-enos	not used	-elos, -elas
with first-person plural imperative -emos
	dative	not used	-émoste	-émosle	-émonos	-émoos	-émosles
	accusative	not used	-émoste	-émoslo, -émosla	-émonos	-émoos	-émoslos, -émoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative -ad
	dative	-adme	not used	-adle	-adnos	-aos	-adles
	accusative	-adme	not used	-adlo, -adla	-adnos	-aos	-adlos, -adlas
with formal second-person plural imperative -en
	dative	-enme	not used	-enle	-ennos	not used	-enles, -ense
	accusative	-enme	not used	-enlo, -enla	-ennos	not used	-enlos, -enlas, -ense

See also

• -er
• -ir

Further reading

• “-ar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Suffix

-ar

1. Suffix for the indefinite plural form of nouns of the second declension.
2. Suffix for the present tense, active voice, indicative mood for the absolute majority of Swedish verbs.

Usage notes

For verbs, it is more customary to identify the -a of this 'suffix' as belonging to the stem of the verb, and thus only consider -r to be the suffix. However, the verbs which in present tense ends in the letters -ar are commonly called -ar-verbs, as to differentiate them from -er-verbs and verbs which don't end in -a in infinitive.

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aɾ/

Etymology 1

Form of -er after the vowels A / I / O / U.

Suffix

-ar

1. Simple present and aorist tense marker.

Etymology 2

Form of -er after the vowels A / I / O / U.

Suffix

-ar

1. Makes adjectives out of verbs.
2. Makes nouns out of verbs.

Etymology 3

Post-consonantal form of -er after the vowels A / I / O / U.

Suffix

-ar

1. Derives distributive numbers.

Etymology 4

From Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er, -ar), from Proto-Turkic *-gar.

Suffix

-ar

1. Derives Intransitive verbs from names of colors.

   ‎kara (“black”) + ‎-ar → ‎kararmak (“to turn black, to darken”)

   ‎ak (“white, light”) + ‎-ar → ‎ağarmak (“to turn white, to whiten”)

   ‎mor (“purple”) + ‎-ar → ‎morarmak (“to turn purple, to bruise”)

2. Derives Transitive verbs from nouns.

   ‎ev (“home, house”) + ‎-er → ‎evermek (“to marry off”)

   ‎ön (“front, ahead”) + ‎-er → ‎önermek (“to put forward, to propose”)

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *-ar, from Proto-Celtic *-aros, from Proto-Indo-European *-Hrós. (See byddar (“deaf”).)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ar/

Suffix

-ar

1. adjectival suffix

   ‎cynt (“before, earlier”) + ‎-ar → ‎cynnar (“early”)

   ‎diwedd (“end”) + ‎-ar → ‎diweddar (“late”)

Derived terms

Welsh terms suffixed with -ar

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ar”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies