Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gordъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-SlavicEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gardas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰordʰ-os, from *gʰerdʰ-.

NounEdit

*gȏrdъ m^[1]^[2]^[3]

fortification, castle
town, city

InflectionEdit

Declension of *gȏrdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*gȏrdъ	*gȏrda	*gȏrdi
Accusative	*gȏrdъ	*gȏrda	*gȏrdy
Genitive	*gȏrda	*gordù	*gõrdъ
Locative	*gȏrdě	*gordù	*gordě̃xъ
Dative	*gȏrdu	*gordomà	*gordòmъ
Instrumental	gȏrdъmь, gȏrdomь^*	*gordomà	*gordý
Vocative	*gorde	*gȏrda	*gȏrdi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related termsEdit

*zerdmę
*zordъ
*žьrdь (“perch, pole, ricker”)

Derived termsEdit

*gordica
*gordina
*gordišče
*gorďanъ / *gorďaninъ (“citizen”)
*gorďь / *gorďa (“fence”)
*gordьcь (“a small town”)
*gordьnъ
*gordьskъ
*gorditi (“to fence, enclose; to build”)
- *gordežь (“building, construction”)
- *gordьba
- *Gordislavъ
- *jьzgorda
- *nagorditi (“to reward”)
  - *nagorda (“reward, prize”)
    - *nagordъkъ
    - *nagordьnъ
      - *nagordьňa
- *ogorditi
  - *ogorďenьje / *ogordenьje
  - *ogordъ / *ogorda / *ogordь (“fence, enclosure”)
    - *ogordica / *ogordъka
    - *ogordina
    - *ogordišče
    - *ogorďa / *ogorďь
    - *ogordъkъ / *ogordьcь
    - *ogordьje
    - *ogordьnъ / *ogordьnь
      - *ogordьnica
      - *ogordьnikъ
- *orzgorditi
  - *orzgorda / *orzgordъ / *orzgordь
  - *orzgorďa
- *otъgorditi
  - *otъgorda / *otъgordъ
  - *otъgorďati / *otъgordati

DescendantsEdit

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: го́родъ (górodŭ)
  - Belarusian: го́рад (hórad)
  - Russian: го́род (górod), го́родъ (górod)
    - → Skolt Sami: gåårad
    - → Southern Yukaghir: гоорот (goorot)
    - → Yakut: куорат (kuorat)
  - Rusyn: город (horod)
  - Ukrainian: го́род (hórod)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: градъ (gradŭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏ (gradŭ)
  - → Russian: град (grad)
- Bulgarian: град (grad)
- Macedonian: град (grad)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: гра̑д
  
  Latin: grȃd
  - Slavomolisano: grad
- Slovene: grȃd (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: hrad
- Kashubian: gard
- Polabian: gord
- Polish: gród^[4]
- Slovak: hrad
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: grod
  - Upper Sorbian: hród

→ Romanian: gard

ReferencesEdit

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*gȏrdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 178: “m. o (c) ‘fortification, town’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) , “gordъ gorda”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d enclosed fortified place (NA 102; SA 22, 70, 146f.; OSA 41, 141; PR 137; MP 20; RPT 105)”
^ Kapović, Mate (2007) , “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch‎^[1], University of Vienna, page 6: “*gȏrdъ”
^ Brückner Aleksander (1927) Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in polish): “Prasłowo; przestawione u nas z *gord”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*gȏrdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 178: “m. o (c) ‘fortification, town’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) , “gordъ gorda”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d enclosed fortified place (NA 102; SA 22, 70, 146f.; OSA 41, 141; PR 137; MP 20; RPT 105)”

[3] Kapović, Mate (2007) , “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch‎^[1], University of Vienna, page 6: “*gȏrdъ”

[4] Brückner Aleksander (1927) Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in polish): “Prasłowo; przestawione u nas z *gord”

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