Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gospodařь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis

Proto-Indo-European *pótis

Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis

Proto-Balto-Slavic *gástipatis

Proto-Slavic *gospodь

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ

Proto-Slavic *-a

Proto-Slavic *gospoda

Latin -ariusbor.

Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz

Gothic -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-areis)bor.

Proto-Slavic *-ařь

Proto-Slavic *gospodařь

From *gȍspoda (“dominion, property”) +‎ *-ãřь. In some dialects, the word is reshaped (by folk etymology) as **gosǫdařь (whence Russian госуда́рь (gosudárʹ)) as if a derivative of Proto-Slavic *sǫdъ (“judgement, verdict”).

Noun

*gospodãřь m

1. master, lord, sovereign, archon

   Synonyms: *vьśedьržьcь, *volděteľь, *upravьnikъ

2. householder, proprietor

   Synonyms: (South Slavic) *stopanъ, (West Slavic) *gъpanъ

Declension

The accent type B of the derivative.

Declension of *gospodãřь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gospodãřь	*gospodāřà	*gospodāřì
genitive	*gospodāřà	*gospodāřù	*gospodãřь
dative	*gospodāřù	*gospodāřèma	*gospodãřemъ
accusative	*gospodãřь	*gospodāřà	*gospodāřę̇̀
instrumental	*gospodāřь̀mь, *gospodāřèmь*	*gospodāřèma	*gospodãři
locative	*gospodāřì	*gospodāřù	*gospodãřixъ
vocative	*gospodařu	*gospodāřà	*gospodāřì

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *gospodařьka f, *gospodaryni f, *gospodarica f (“mistress”)
• *gospodařьstvo (“sovereignty, domain”)
• *gospodařьskъ (“sovereign”) (adjective)

Related terms

• *gospodinъ m (“sire”), *gospodyni f (“lady”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: господарь (gospodarĭ), осподарь (ospodarĭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: господаръ (hospodar), осподаръ (ospodar)
      • Belarusian: гаспада́р (haspadár)
      • Ukrainian: госпо́дар (hospódar)
      • → Polish: hospodar
    • Russian: господа́рь (gospodárʹ)
  • Old Novgorodian: господарь (gospodarĭ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: господарь (gospodarĭ)
    • Bulgarian: господа́р (gospodár)
  • Macedonian: господар (gospodar)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: госпо̀да̄р

    Latin script: gospòdār

  • Slovene: gospodár
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hospodář
    • Czech: hospodář
      • Bohemian (Chod dialect): hospodář
  • Kashubian: gòspòdôrz
  • Polish: gospodarz
  • Slovak: hospodár
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: hospodar
    • Lower Sorbian: góspodaŕ

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: gospodar

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “господарь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “государь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gospodarь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 59