Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kotiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Of unknown origin. Similar in meaning to Lithuanian skàsti (“to jump, to move around”), Latvian skatīt (“to check, to look at”), and Latin scateō (“to gush, to spring”) which suggests an origin from a possible Proto-Indo-European *(s)ket- (“to spring, to leap”) (traditionally reconstructed as *skeHt-). Matasović relates it with Irish caith (“to throw”), Old Irish caithid (“to consume”) derived from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂t-.

Verb

*kotìti impf (perfective *kaťati)

1. to tumble, to roll, to crumble
2. to leap, to climb

Inflection

Conjugation of *kotiti, *koti, *kotitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*koťenьje	*kotiti	*kotitъ	*kotilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*koťenъ	*kotimъ
Active	*koťь	*kotę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kotixъ	*koti	*koti	*koťǫ	*kotiši	*kotitь
Dual	*kotixově	*kotista	*kotiste	*kotivě	*kotita	*kotite
Plural	*kotixomъ	*kotiste	*kotišę	*kotimъ	*kotite	*kotętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*koťaaxъ	*koťaaše	*koťaaše	—	*koti	*koti
Dual	*koťaaxově	*koťaašeta	*koťaašete	*kotivě	*kotita	—
Plural	*koťaaxomъ	*koťaašete	*koťaaxǫ	*kotimъ	*kotite	—

Notes:
• (*)*kotivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *kotalěti (“to roll over”)
• *koturati (“to leap, to spring”)
• *katati (“to roll, to tumble”)
• *sъkatъ (“cliff, slope”)
• *katerica (“tree squirrel”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: каціць (kacicʹ)
  • Russian: катить (katitʹ)
  • Ukrainian: коти́ти (kotýty)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: кътая (kǎtaja) (dialectal)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: кате́ря (katérja)
  • Slovene: kotīti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kotit se
  • Polish: kocić
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kócić

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “котить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kotiti (sę) II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 205
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кътая”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 234
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кате́ря се”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 272

Etymology 2

• Folk etymology (acknowledged by Derksen) relates it to *kotъ (“cat”) +‎ *-iti (a wanderwort of non-native origin), formed in the same way as Proto-Slavic *teliti (“to beget a calf”) < Proto-Slavic *telę (“calf”). However, no particular relationship to begetting of kittens is attested in all languages;
• Vasmer, Trubačev presume generic sense of begetting and consider etymological kinship with Latin catulus (“puppy”). Possibly related to Etymology 1, originally implying “to toss, to throw” → “to spawn”.

Verb

*kotìti

1. (transitive) to brood
2. (reflexive) to have young, to bear an offspring (for animals)

Inflection

Conjugation of *kotiti, *koti, *kotitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*koťenьje	*kotiti	*kotitъ	*kotilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*koťenъ	*kotimъ
Active	*koťь	*kotę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kotixъ	*koti	*koti	*koťǫ	*kotiši	*kotitь
Dual	*kotixově	*kotista	*kotiste	*kotivě	*kotita	*kotite
Plural	*kotixomъ	*kotiste	*kotišę	*kotimъ	*kotite	*kotętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*koťaaxъ	*koťaaše	*koťaaše	—	*koti	*koti
Dual	*koťaaxově	*koťaašeta	*koťaašete	*kotivě	*kotita	—
Plural	*koťaaxomъ	*koťaašete	*koťaaxǫ	*kotimъ	*kotite	—

Notes:
• (*)*kotivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *kotidlo (“nest, brood”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: коти́ться (kotítʹsja)
  • Ukrainian: коти́тися (kotýtysja)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ко́тя (kótja)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ко̀тити

    Latin script: kòtiti

  • Slovene: kotīti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kotiti
  • Polish: kocić
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kócić

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “коти́ться”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kotiti sę I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 204