offspring

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle English ofspring, from Old English ofspring (“offspring, descendants, posterity”), equivalent to off- +‎ spring. Compare Icelandic afspringur (“offspring”). More at off, spring.

PronunciationEdit

(UK) IPA^(key): /ˈɒfspɹɪŋ/
- Audio (UK) (file)
(US) IPA^(key): /ˈɔfspɹɪŋ/, /ˈɑfspɹɪŋ/, enPR: äfʹsprĭng
Rhymes: -ɒfspɹɪŋ, -ɔfspɹɪŋ, -ɑfspɹɪŋ

NounEdit

offspring (plural offspring or offsprings)

A person's daughter(s) and/or son(s); a person's children.
All of a person's descendants, including further generations.
An animal or plant's progeny or young.
- 2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:
  In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.
(figuratively) Anything produced; the result of an entity's efforts.
Artists often treasure their works as their immortal offspring.
(computing) A process launched by another process.

Usage notesEdit

The plural offsprings is mainly used for the computing sense.

SynonymsEdit

(daughter(s) and/or son(s)): baby/babies, child/children, fruit of one's loins, issue (plural only), get, kid/kids
(all descendants): binary clone, descendants, fruit of one's loins, get, lineage, progeny, seed

AntonymsEdit

(daughter(s) and/or son(s)): genitor (rare), parent, progenitor, father (male), mother (female)
(descendants): ancestors, forbears/forebears, forefathers

Derived termsEdit

TranslationsEdit

singular offspring (male, female or sex unspecified)

Arabic: وَلَد‎ (ar) m (walad)
Gulf Arabic: ضنا‎ m or f (ḏ̣ana)
Armenian: զավակ (hy) (zavak)
Azerbaijani: övlad (az), zadə (az)
Bashkir: бала (bala), нәҫел (näθel)
Belarusian: пато́мак m (patómak), нашча́дак m (naščádak), нашча́дніца f (naščádnica)
Bulgarian: пото́мък (bg) m (potómǎk)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 子孫／子孙 (zh) (zǐsūn)
Chickasaw: inchipota
Czech: potomek (cs) m, potomkyně f
Danish: afkom (da) n
Dutch: afstammeling (nl) m, nageslacht (nl) n, nakomeling (nl) m, nazaat (nl) m, kind (nl) n
Egyptian:

(ms)
Esperanto: (♂♀) ido (eo), filo (eo), filino (eo)
Finnish: lapsi (fi), jälkeläinen (fi)
French: enfant (fr) m or f
Georgian: ნაშიერი (našieri), შთამომავალი (štamomavali)
German: Nachkomme (de) m, Nachkommin (de) f, Kind (de) n, Sohn (de) m, Tochter (de) f, Sprössling (de) m
Greek: τέκνο (el) n (tékno), παιδί (el) n (paidí), απόγονος (el) m (apógonos)
Ancient: ἔρνος n (érnos), γονή f (gonḗ)
Higaonon: bata
Hungarian: utód (hu)
Ido: decendanto (io)
Italian: discendente (it) m or f, figlio (it) m, figlia (it) f
Japanese: 胤 (ja) (たね, tane), 子孫 (ja) (しそん, shison), 子種 (こだね, kodane)
Kazakh: әулет (äulet)
Korean: 자녀(子女) (ko) (janyeo), 자식(子息) (ko) (jasik)
Latin: subolēs f
Lutshootseed: bədaʔ
Macedonian: потомок m (potomok)
Malayalam: സന്തതി (ml) (santati), കുഞ്ഞ് (ml) (kuññŭ), കുട്ടി (ml) (kuṭṭi), മകൻ (ml) m (makaṉ)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: etterkommer (no) m, avkom n, ætling m, ætting m, barn (no) n

Nynorsk: etterkomar m, etterkommar m, avkom n, ætling m, ætting m, barn n
Oromo: ilmoo
Persian: فرزند‎ (fa) (farzand)
Polish: potomek (pl) m, potomkini f
Portuguese: filho (pt) m, filha (pt) f, rebento (pt) m
Russian: пото́мок (ru) m (potómok), о́тпрыск (ru) m (ótprysk)
Sanskrit: तनस् (sa) n (tanas)
Santali: ᱜᱳᱱ (gon)
Scottish Gaelic: sliochd m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: по̀томак m

Roman: pòtomak (sh) m
Slovak: potomok m, potomkyňa f
Slovene: potomec (sl) m
Spanish: vástago (es) m, descendiente (es) m, sucesor (es) m, sucesor (es) m, sucesora f
Swedish: avkomling (sv) c, avkomma (sv) c, ättling (sv) c
Tagalog: kawil
Tajik: фарзанд (tg) (farzand), насл (tg) (nasl), авлод (avlod)
Taos: ȕ’úna
Turkish: evlat (tr), çocuk (tr)
Ukrainian: наща́док m (naščádok), пото́мок (uk) m (potómok)
Uyghur: ئەۋلاد‎ (ewlad)
Uzbek: avlod (uz)
Welsh: epil m

plural or collective offspring (only males, only females, both sexes or sex unspecified)

Arabic: ذُرِّيَّة‎ f (ḏurriyya), وَلَد‎ (ar) m (walad), سُلَالَة‎ f (sulāla), نَسْل‎ (ar) m (nasl)
Gulf Arabic: عيال‎ (ʿyāl)
Azerbaijani: nəsil (az), nəvə-nəticə
Bengali: আওলাদ (bn) (aōlad), ফরজন্দ (bn) (fôrzônd)
Bulgarian: пото́мство (bg) n (potómstvo)
Chamicuro: pujchi
Chickasaw: inchipota
Chinese:
Cantonese: 子孫／子孙 (zi² syun¹), 兒孫／儿孙 (ji⁴ syun¹)

Mandarin: 子孫／子孙 (zh) (zǐsūn), 兒孫／儿孙 (zh) (érsūn)

Min Nan: 囝孫／囝孙 (zh-min-nan) (kiáⁿ-sun)
Czech: potomstvo (cs) n
Dutch: afstammelingen (nl) pl, kinderen (nl) pl, kinders (nl) pl, nageslachten (nl) pl, nakomelingschap (nl) n, nakomelingen (nl) pl (collective)
Esperanto: (♂♀) idaro (collective)
Finnish: lapset pl, jälkeläiset pl, jälkikasvu (fi) (collective)
French: enfance (fr) f (collective), (♂♀ or only ♂) enfants (fr) m pl, descendance (fr) f, progéniture (fr) f (humorous)
German: Abkömmlinge (de) m pl, Nachfahren (de) m pl, Nachfahrinnen (de) f pl, Nachwuchs (de) m (uncountable, no pl), Sprösslinge (de) m pl, Nachkommen (de) m pl, Nachkomminnen (de) f pl, Nachkommenschaft (de) f (collective sg), Kinder (de) n pl
Hindi: औलाद (hi) f (aulād), नसल (hi) f (nasal)
Hungarian: leszármazott (hu), ivadék (hu)
Irish: clann (ga) f, síolradh m
Italian: discendenti (it) m pl or f pl, prole (it) f
Kazakh: әулет (äulet), ұрпақ (ūrpaq)
Khmer: មច្ឆាញាតិ (mɔɔcchaañiəteʼ)
Kyrgyz: тукум-жуурат (tukum-juurat), укум-тукум (ky) (ukum-tukum)
Lao: ລູກຫລານ (lūk lān)
Latin: prōlēs f, prōgeniēs f, subolēs f
Macedonian: потомство n (potomstvo)
Malayalam: സന്തതികൾ (santatikaḷ), കുഞ്ഞുങ്ങൾ (kuññuṅṅaḷ), മക്കൾ (makkaḷ)
Ngazidja Comorian: wana class 2
Norwegian:
Bokmål: etterkommere m pl, ætlinger m, ættinger n, avkom n (collective sg)

Nynorsk: etterkomarar m pl, etterkommarar m pl, ætling m, ætting m, avkom n (collective sg)
Persian: سلاله‎ (fa) (solâle), اولاد‎ (fa) (avlâd), نسل‎ (fa) (nasl)
Polish: potomstwo (pl) n, progenitura (pl) f
Portuguese: descendência (pt) f
Russian: пото́мство (ru) n (potómstvo)
Santali: ᱜᱳᱱ (gon)
Scottish Gaelic: clann f, sliochd m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: по̀то̄мство n

Roman: pòtōmstvo (sh) n
Slovak: potomstvo n
Slovene: potomstvo (sl) n
Spanish: descendencia (es) f, linaje (es) m, prole (es) f, progenie (es) f, progenitura f
Swahili: watoto (sw) class 2
Swedish: avkomlingar (sv) c pl, avkommor (sv) c pl, ättlingar (sv) c pl
Tajik: авлод (avlod), насл (tg) (nasl), зуррият (zurriyat), зурриёт (zurriyot)
Thai: ลูกหลาน (th) (lûuk-lǎan)
Turkish: yavru (tr)
Ukrainian: пото́мство n (potómstvo), наща́дки m pl (naščádky)
Urdu: اَوْلاد‎ f (aulād), نَسل‎ f (nasal, nasl)
Uyghur: ئەۋلاد‎ (ewlad)
Uzbek: nasl (uz), avlod (uz), urugʻ (uz), zurriyot (uz)

singular offspring, animal's or plant's progeny

Bikol Central: ugbon (bcl) (of animals)
Bulgarian: пото́мък (bg) m (potómǎk)
Esperanto: (♂♀) ido (eo)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: weçe (ku), berebav
Malayalam: കുഞ്ഞ് (ml) (kuññŭ)
Scottish Gaelic: àl m (animal's or bird's)
Turkish: döl (tr)

plural or collective offspring, animal's or plant's progeny

Esperanto: (♂♀) idaro
Finnish: jälkeläiset pl
French: progéniture (fr) f
German: Nachwuchs (de) m (uncountable, no pl)
Malayalam: കുഞ്ഞുങ്ങൾ (kuññuṅṅaḷ)
Portuguese: descendente (pt) m or f
Scottish Gaelic: àil m pl (animal's or bird's)
Spanish: progenie (es) f
Ukrainian: пото́мство n (potómstvo)

something produced

Bulgarian: проду́кт (bg) m (prodúkt)
Dutch: voortbrengst, productie (nl)
Finnish: aikaansaannos (fi), lapsi (fi)
German: Hinterlassenschaft (de) f
Ukrainian: плід (uk) m (plid), ді́тище n (dítyšče)

computing: process launched by another process

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Dutch: ^{(please verify)} oir (nl) n
French: ^{(please verify)} descendance (fr), ^{(please verify)} enfance (fr), ^{(please verify)} enfants pl, ^{(please verify)} postérité (fr), ^{(please verify)} progéniture (fr)
Manx: ^{(please verify)} sheel m
Old English: ^{(please verify)} ofspring, ^{(please verify)} tēam (ang)
Telugu: ^{(please verify)} సంతానం (te) (santānaṁ)