Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/podъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

*po +‎ *-dъ, compare *nadъ.

Preposition

*podъ

1. (with instrumental) under, below, beneath (stationary)
2. (with accusative) under, below, beneath (motion to)

Antonyms

• *nadъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: пад (pad), па́да (páda)
  • Russian: под (pod), по́до (pódo)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: пуд (pud), пӱд (püd), попуд (popud), попӱд (popüd)
  • Ukrainian: під (pid), пі́ді (pídi), пі́до (pído)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: подъ (podŭ)
  • Bulgarian: под (pod)
  • Macedonian: под (pod)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: по̏д

    Latin script: pȍd

  • Slovene: pȍd (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: pod, pode
    • Czech: pod
  • Old Polish: pod, pode
    • Masurian: pod
    • Polish: pod
    • Silesian: pod
  • Slovak: pod
  • Pomeranian:
  • Polabian: püd
    • Kashubian: pòd, pòde
    • Slovincian: pôd
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: pod
    • Lower Sorbian: pód

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “под”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *pṓds.

Noun

*pòdъ or *pȍdъ m

1. floor, ground

Inflection

Declension of *pòdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pòdъ	*podà	*podì
genitive	*podà	*podù	*pòdъ
dative	*podù	*podòma	*podòmъ
accusative	*pòdъ	*podà	*podỳ
instrumental	*podъ̀mь, *podòmь*	*podòma	*pòdy
locative	*podě̀	*podù	*pòděxъ
vocative	*pode	*podà	*podì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Declension of *pȍdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pȍdъ	*pȍda	*pȍdi
genitive	*pȍda	*podù	*pòdъ
dative	*pȍdu	*podomà	*podòmъ
accusative	*pȍdъ	*pȍda	*pȍdy
instrumental	*pȍdъmь, *pȍdomь*	*podomà	*podý
locative	*pȍdě	*podù	*podě̃xъ
vocative	*pode	*pȍda	*pȍdi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: под (pod)
  • Russian: под (pod)
  • Ukrainian: під (pid)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: под (pod)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: по̏д

    Latin script: pȍd

  • Slovene: pȍd (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: půda
  • Polish: spód
  • Slovak: pôda
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: póda

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Hungarian: pad

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “под”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress