pod
English Edit
Etymology Edit
From Middle English *pod ("seed-pod, husk, shell, outer covering"; attested in pod-ware (“legume seed; seed grain”)), likely from Old English pād (“an outer garment, covering, coat, cloak”), from Proto-West Germanic *paidu, from Proto-Germanic *paidō (“coat, smock, shirt”), from Proto-Indo-European *baiteh₂- (“woolen clothes”). Cognate with Old Saxon pēda (“skirt”), German dialectal Pfeid, Pfeit (“shirt”), Gothic 𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 (paida, “mantle, skirt”), Albanian petk (“gown, garment, dress, suit”), Ancient Greek βαίτη (baítē, “goat-skin, fur-coat, tent”).
Pronunciation Edit
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈpɒd/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - (US) IPA(key): /ˈpɑd/
- Rhymes: -ɒd
- Homophone: pawed (in accents with the cot-caught merger)
Noun Edit
pod (plural pods)
- (botany) A seed case for legumes (e.g. peas, beans, peppers); a seedpod.
- A small vehicle, especially used in emergency situations.
- (obsolete, UK, dialect) A bag; a pouch.
- 1557 February 13, Thomas Tusser, A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie., London: […] Richard Tottel, →OCLC; republished London: Reprinted for Robert Triphook, […], and William Sancho, […], 1810, →OCLC:
- cart, that is clouted and shod,
cart ladder and wimble, with perser and pod
- (collective, zoology) A group of whales, dolphins, seals, porpoises or hippopotami.
- Synonym: gam
- (by extension) A group of people who regularly interact.
- 2016, Joseph Henrich, chapter 8, in The Secret of Our Success […] , Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:
- These matrilineal groups associate with related families, who are probably sister lineages, to form pods.
- 2021 October 1, Calder Katyal, “Schools Need to Undo the Damage of Pods”, in The Atlantic[1]:
- For many people forming pods last year, finding compatible people to group with was not a cost but a goal. Private companies that create educational software for pods report that people prefer to group with their friends in order to reduce the incentive to have social contacts outside of their pods.
- A small section of a larger office, compartmentalised for a specific purpose.
- A subsection of a prison, containing a number of inmates.
- A very small room or space for one person to inhabit, as in a capsule hotel.
- A nicotine cartridge.
- A lie-flat business or first class seat.
- A tapered, cylindrical body of ore or minerals.
- A straight channel or groove in the body of certain forms of, usually tapered, augers and boring-bits.
- (informal, Internet) Clipping of podcast.
Hyponyms Edit
Derived terms Edit
Translations Edit
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See also Edit
Verb Edit
pod (third-person singular simple present pods, present participle podding, simple past and past participle podded)
- (intransitive) To bear or produce pods
- 1849, Herman Melville, Mardi, and a Voyage Thither:
- Wherefore it was, that many ignorant Mardians, who had not pushed their investigations into the science of physiology, sagely divined, that the Tapparians must have podded into life like peas, instead of being otherwise indebted for their existence.
- 1939, Leonard Alfred George Strong, The Open Sky, page 64:
- David looked seawards along the river. He stared, rubbed his eyes, and stared again. One of the rocks seemed to have podded into something swollen, black and smooth.
- 2012, Deborah Moggach, You Must Be Sisters, →ISBN, page 219:
- In the herbaceous border many flowers had seeded and podded; spears of them, brown, now rose up behind the mauve blur of the michaelmas daisies.
- (transitive) To remove peas from their case.
- (transitive, intransitive) To put into a pod or to enter a pod.
- 1955, Military Review - Volume 35, Issue 9, page 81:
- Thus the torpedoes will have to be stored internally or be podded into streamline containers.
- 1957, Aviation Week - Volume 66, page 23:
- Lycoming is working on a twin T53 or T55 turboprop installation whereby two engines would be podded together to drive a single propeller.
- 2004, Yefim Gordon, Dmitriy Komissarov, Antonov An-12 Cub, page 90:
- One, called An- 12BZ-2, was a single-point hose-and- drogue tanker similar to the RAF's Lockheed C-130K Hercules C.1K, except that the hose drum unit was podded, not built in.
- 2006, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society - Volume 59, page 130:
- This was to be achieved by increasing the number of Lotarev D-18T engines to 8 by podding the inboard pylons on each side to take two engines (see Fig. 7).
- 2011, Roger Cliff, Chad J. R. Ohlandt, David Yang, Ready for Takeoff: China's Advancing Aerospace Industry, →ISBN:
- In June 2009, the company opened another facility in Tianjin to provide nacelle and thrust-reverser MRO services and to support engine buildup and podding work for the new Airbus A320 assembly line in the same city.
- 2012, Gabriel Blue Melchizedek, The Alienvirus, →ISBN:
- Then i was podded by a buddie of mine, working the burrough next to mine, all humans had a blue rabbit glow around them and seemed to sleep walk out of the burrough out in to a field while a sound like; ta-ta-dah-taaa, soundeḍ ̣̪continously [sic], where they waited while looking up in the sky.
- (intransitive) To swell or fill.
Translations Edit
References Edit
- “pod”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Anagrams Edit
Cebuano Edit
Pronunciation Edit
- Hyphenation: pod
Adverb Edit
pod
Czech Edit
Etymology Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Preposition Edit
pod
- under (direction, + accusative case)
- Potřebuju se dostat pod ten most. ― I need to get under that bridge.
- below, under (location, + instrumental case)
Further reading Edit
Lower Sorbian Edit
Preposition Edit
pod
Old Czech Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Etymology Edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.
Pronunciation Edit
Preposition Edit
pod
- Denotes movement; to under, to underneath [+accusative]
- Denotes movement up, upward [+accusative]
- Denotes movement down, below, downward [+opl accusative]
- Denotes duration to, until; by [+accusative]
- Denotes amount under; less than [+accusative]
- Denotes inferiority sub, less than [+accusative]
- Denotes subordination to under [+accusative]
- according to [+accusative]
- as a result of [+accusative] or [+zlw- instrumental]
- for, to (an end, an aim, a purpose) [+accusative] or [+instrumental]
- Denotes location near; under, underneath [+instrumental]
- Denotes relation of items worn under; in, dressed in [+instrumental]
- Denotes subordination under [+instrumental]
- Denotes duration during; in [+instrumental]
- Denotes elapsing of time in; after [+instrumental]
- Denotes period of someone's rule during [+instrumental]
- Denotes amount up to [+instrumental]
- Denotes inferiority sub, less than [+instrumental]
- Creates an adverb from a noun. [+instrumental]
- Denotes form or shape under; in the form of [+instrumental]
- Denotes instrumentality through, with, by means of [+instrumental]
- Used with documents, contracts, etc. on the basis of [+instrumental]
- according to [+instrumental]
- Denotes protection, guidance, or watching under [+instrumental]
- Denotes consequences of unfulfilled obligation under, on pain of [+instrumental]
- despite, in spite of [+instrumental]
Descendants Edit
- Czech: pod
References Edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “pod”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Etymology Edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation Edit
Preposition Edit
pod
- Denotes location; under, underneath [+instrumental]
- Denotes near location; near; under, at [+instrumental]
- Denotes comitative location; with [+instrumental]
- Denotes time when something took place; during [+instrumental]
- Denotes sequence in time; after [+instrumental]
- Synonym: po
- Used with documents, contracts, etc. on the basis of; as a result of [+instrumental]
- despite, against [+instrumental]
- Denotes form or shape under; in the form of [+instrumental]
- Denotes subordination under [+instrumental]
- Denotes period of someone's rule during [+instrumental]
- Denotes protection, guidance, or watching under [+instrumental] or [+accusative]
- Denotes consequences of unfulfilled obligation under, on pain of [+instrumental] or [+accusative]
- Denotes movement; to under, to underneath [+accusative]
- Denotes movement; to; toward [+accusative]
- Denotes preceding time just before [+accusative]
- The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
- Denotes source of a given right or authority under [+accusative]
- The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1956 [Fifteenth century], Jerzy Woronczak, editor, Teksty polskie w rękopisie nr 43 Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu z połowy XV wieku[2], page 112r:
- Ibant apostoli gaudentes a conspectu, pod oblicze (pro od oblicza?), concilli (Act 5, 41)
- [Ibant apostoli gaudentes a conspectu, pod oblicze (pro od oblicza?), concilli (Act 5, 41)]
Descendants Edit
References Edit
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Andrzej Bańkowski (2000) Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “pod, pode”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Etymology Edit
Inherited from Old Polish pod.
Pronunciation Edit
- IPA(key): (isolated) /pɔt/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈpɔt/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔt
- Syllabification: pod
- Homophones: pot, pod-
Preposition Edit
pod
- Denotes location; under, underneath [+instrumental]
- Denotes movement; to under, to underneath [+accusative]
- Denotes movement against; against [+accusative]
- Antonym: z
- pod wiatr ― against the wind
- Nie płyń pod prąd! ― Don't swim against the current!
- Denotes near location; near [+instrumental]
- Denotes movement to a near location; toward [+accusative]
- Denotes protection, guidance, or watching under [+instrumental]
- Denotes motion towards protection, guidance, or watching to under [+accusative]
- Antonym: spod
- Denotes cause under; under [+instrumental]
- pod przymusem ― under duress
- pod wpływem ― under the infuence of
- Denotes consequences of unfulfilled obligation under, on pain of [+instrumental]
- Denotes name of object; under [+instrumental]
- pod tytułem ― under the title of
- Denotes location, particularly of addresses; at [+instrumental]
- Denotes movement, particularly of addresses; to [+accusative]
- Denotes instrumentality or cause; because of, with [+instrumental]
- Synonym: spod
- pod piórem ― by (an author)
- Denotes recepient; to, aimed at [+accusative]
- (colloquial) Denotes amount less than; under [+accusative]
- (colloquial) Denotes object of eating immediately after drinking. [+accusative]
- (colloquial) Denotes cause of celebration. [+accusative]
- Synonym: z okazji
Trivia Edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), pod is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 157 times in scientific texts, 153 times in news, 109 times in essays, 165 times in fiction, and 84 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 668 times, making it the 70th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References Edit
Further reading Edit
- pod in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- pod in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “pod, pode”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2023
- Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century][3], (please provide a date or year)
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807-1814), “pod”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “pod”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “pod”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 330
Romanian Edit
Etymology Edit
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic подъ (podŭ), from Proto-Slavic *podъ.
Pronunciation Edit
Audio (file)
Noun Edit
pod n (plural poduri)
Declension Edit
Derived terms Edit
See also Edit
Serbo-Croatian Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
pȍd m (Cyrillic spelling по̏д)
Declension Edit
Etymology 2 Edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.
Alternative forms Edit
- poda (enclitic pronominal form)
Pronunciation Edit
Preposition Edit
pȍd (Cyrillic spelling по̏д)
- (+ accusative case) under, beneath (with change of position, answering the question kùda)
- (+ instrumental case) under, beneath (stationary, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ)
- (+ instrumental case) under, beneath (being in a particular condition)
- biti pod sumnjom ― to be under suspicion
- biti pod pritiskom ― to be under pressure
- biti pod dojmom ― to be under impression
- pod oružjem ― under arms
- biti pod nadzorom ― to be under supervision/surveillance
- biti pod nečijom zaštitom ― to be under someone's protection
- biti pod naglaskom ― to be accented (stressed), to be under the accent (stress)
- pisati pod pseudonimom ― to write under the pen name, pseudonymously
- biti pod zakletvom ― to be under oath
- (+ accusative case) near, toward, in (temporal, with nouns denoting a final temporal segment)
- pod jesen ― toward fall
- pod kraj ― near the end
- pod starost ― in one's old age
- (+ instrumental case) during (temporal)
- pod odmorom ― during the (school) break
- pod pauzom ― during the (job) break
- pod satom ― during the (school) lesson
- pod vladavinom ― during the reign of
- (+ accusative case) as, instead of, in lieu of
- pokušati prodati mrkvu pod rotkvu ― to try selling carrot as radish
- miscellaneous idiomatic meanings
- baciti pod noge ― to reject, throw away
- nebu pod oblake ― far away
- pod uv(j)etom/uslovom da ― under the condition of, on the condition that
- pod izgovorom ― under the pretext
- pod Zagrebom ― near Zagreb
- pod Velebitom ― at the foot of Velebit, on the foothills of Velebit
- pod korovom ― covered/overgrown with weed
- ništa pod (milim) bogom ― absolutely nothing
- pod kontrolom (with genitive) ― under the control (of)
- pod tim(e) mislim ― by that I mean
- biti pod antibioticima ― to be on antibiotics
- pod pravim kutom ― perpendicular
- To je pod moranje. ― That is obligatory.
Silesian Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Etymology Edit
Inherited from Old Polish pod.
Pronunciation Edit
Preposition Edit
pod
- Denotes location; under, underneath [+instrumental]
- Denotes movement; to under, to underneath [+accusative]
- Denotes near location; near; under, at [+instrumental]
- Denotes movement; to; toward [+accusative]
- Denotes name of object; under [+instrumental]
- pod tytułym ― under the title of
- Denotes consequences of unfulfilled obligation under, on pain of [+instrumental]
Further reading Edit
Slovak Edit
Etymology Edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.
Pronunciation Edit
Preposition Edit
pod + instrumental
Further reading Edit
- pod in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk
Slovene Edit
Etymology Edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
pȍd m inan
Inflection Edit
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | pòd | ||
gen. sing. | pôda | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
pòd | pôda | pôdi |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
pôda | pôdov | pôdov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
pôdu | pôdoma | pôdom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
pòd | pôda | pôde |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
pôdu | pôdih | pôdih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
pôdom | pôdoma | pôdi |
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms Edit
Further reading Edit
- “pod”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Volapük Edit
Noun Edit
pod (nominative plural pods)