Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stenati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sten-, from Proto-Indo-European *sten-.

Cognate with Lithuanian stenė́ti (“to groan, to moan”) (1sg. stenù), Latvian stenêt (1sg. stenu, stenẽju, Old Prussian stīnons (“hard-won, transferred”, perf. part.), Ancient Greek στένω (sténō, “to moan, to sigh, to bewail”), Old English stenan (“to groan”), Sanskrit स्तनति (stánati, “to rattle, to rumble”).

Verb

*stenàti

1. to groan, to moan

Inflection

Conjugation of *stenati, *stena, *steňetь (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*stenanьje	*stenati	*stenatъ	*stenalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*stenanъ	*steňemъ
Active	*stenavъ	*steňę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*stenaxъ	*stena	*stena	*steňǫ	*steňeši	*steňetь
Dual	*stenaxově	*stenasta	*stenaste	*steňevě	*steňeta	*steňete
Plural	*stenaxomъ	*stenaste	*stenašę	*steňemъ	*steňete	*steňǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*stenaaxъ	*stenaaše	*stenaaše	—	*steňi	*steňi
Dual	*stenaaxově	*stenaašeta	*stenaašete	*steňivě	*steňita	—
Plural	*stenaaxomъ	*stenaašete	*stenaaxǫ	*steňimъ	*steňite	—

Related terms

• *stonъ (“moan, groan”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: стенати (stenati), 1sg. стеню (stenju)
    • Russian: стена́ть (stenátʹ) (obsolete), 1sg. стена́ю (stenáju); modern стона́ть (stonátʹ), 1sg. стону́ (stonú), 3sg. сто́нет (stónet)
    • Ukrainian: стена́ти (stenáty), 1sg. стена́ю (stenáju), 3sg. стена́є (stenáje)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: стенати (stenati)
  • Bulgarian: сте́на (sténa)
  • Macedonian: стенка (stenka)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: стѐњати, 1sg. сте̏ње̄м

    Latin: stènjati, 1sg. stȅnjēm

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): stenjȁti, 2sg. stȅnješ
  • Slovene: stenjáti (tonal orthography), 1sg. stenjȃm (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: sténat
  • Slovak: stenať

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stenàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 466
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “стена́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress