стена

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *stenàti.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈstɛnɐ]

Verb

сте́на • (sténa) first-singular present indicative, impf

to groan, to moan

Conjugation

Conjugation of сте́на (conjugation 1.2, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	сте́нещ sténešt	сте́нал, стена́л¹ sténal, stenál¹	сте́нел sténel	—		сте́нейки sténejki
	definite subject form	сте́нещият sténeštijat	сте́налият, стена́лият¹ sténalijat, stenálijat¹	—	—
	definite object form	сте́нещия sténeštija	сте́налия, стена́лия¹ sténalija, stenálija¹	—	—
feminine	indefinite	сте́неща sténešta	сте́нала, стена́ла¹ sténala, stenála¹	сте́нела sténela	—
feminine	definite	сте́нещата sténeštata	сте́налата, стена́лата¹ sténalata, stenálata¹	—	—
neuter	indefinite	сте́нещо sténešto	сте́нало, стена́ло¹ sténalo, stenálo¹	сте́нело sténelo	—	сте́нене sténene
neuter	definite	сте́нещото sténeštoto	сте́налото, стена́лото¹ sténaloto, stenáloto¹	—	—	сте́ненето sténeneto
plural	indefinite	сте́нещи sténešti	сте́нали, стена́ли¹ sténali, stenáli¹	сте́нели sténeli	—	сте́нения, сте́ненета sténenija, sténeneta
plural	definite	сте́нещите sténeštite	сте́налите, стена́лите¹ sténalite, stenálite¹	—	—	сте́ненията, сте́ненетата sténenijata, sténenetata

person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		сте́на sténa	сте́неш sténeš	сте́не sténe	сте́нем sténem	сте́нете sténete	сте́нат sténat
imperfect		сте́нех sténeh	сте́неше sténeše	сте́неше sténeše	сте́нехме sténehme	сте́нехте sténehte	сте́неха sténeha
aorist		сте́нах, стена́х¹ sténah, stenáh¹	сте́на, стена́¹ sténa, stená¹	сте́на, стена́¹ sténa, stená¹	сте́нахме, стена́хме¹ sténahme, stenáhme¹	сте́нахте, стена́хте¹ sténahte, stenáhte¹	сте́наха, стена́ха¹ sténaha, stenáha¹
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
future	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future in the past	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and сте́нал/стена́л¹ m, сте́нала/стена́ла¹ f, сте́нало/стена́ло¹ n, or сте́нали/стена́ли¹ pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and сте́нал/стена́л¹ m, сте́нала/стена́ла¹ f, сте́нало/стена́ло¹ n, or сте́нали/стена́ли¹ pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and сте́нал/стена́л¹ m, сте́нала/стена́ла¹ f, сте́нало/стена́ло¹ n, or сте́нали/стена́ли¹ pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and сте́нал/стена́л¹ m, сте́нала/стена́ла¹ f, сте́нало/стена́ло¹ n, or сте́нали/стена́ли¹ pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and сте́нел m, сте́нела f, сте́нело n, or сте́нели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and сте́нал/стена́л¹ m, сте́нала/стена́ла¹ f, сте́нало/стена́ло¹ n, or сте́нали/стена́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and сте́нал/стена́л¹ m, сте́нала/стена́ла¹ f, сте́нало/стена́ло¹ n, or сте́нали/стена́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and сте́нал/стена́л¹ m, сте́нала/стена́ла¹ f, сте́нало/стена́ло¹ n, or сте́нали/стена́ли¹ pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and сте́нел m, сте́нела f, сте́нело n, or сте́нели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and сте́нал/стена́л¹ m, сте́нала/стена́ла¹ f, сте́нало/стена́ло¹ n, or сте́нали/стена́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and сте́нал/стена́л¹ m, сте́нала/стена́ла¹ f, сте́нало/стена́ло¹ n, or сте́нали/стена́ли¹ pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and сте́нел m, сте́нела f, сте́нело n, or сте́нели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and сте́нал/стена́л¹ m, сте́нала/стена́ла¹ f, сте́нало/стена́ло¹ n, or сте́нали/стена́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and сте́нал/стена́л¹ m, сте́нала/стена́ла¹ f, сте́нало/стена́ло¹ n, or сте́нали/стена́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and сте́нал/стена́л¹ m, сте́нала/стена́ла¹ f, сте́нало/стена́ло¹ n, or сте́нали/стена́ли¹ pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
conditional		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and сте́нал/стена́л¹ m, сте́нала/стена́ла¹ f, сте́нало/стена́ло¹ n, or сте́нали/стена́ли¹ pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
imperative			стени́ stení			стене́те stenéte

¹Dialectally marked.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *stěna, formally an action/resultant noun from an unattested *steja, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *staiˀnā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”) + -на (-na).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [stɛˈna]
Rhymes: -na
Hyphenation^(key): сте‧на

Noun

стена́ • (stená) f

wall
Synonyms: зид (zid), дува́р (duvár)

Declension

Declension of стена́

	singular	plural
indefinite	стена́ stená	стени́ stení
definite	стена́та stenáta	стени́те steníte

Derived terms

стене́н (stenén, “mural”)
стенопи́с (stenopís, “fresco”)

References

“стена”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
“стена”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Anagrams

сатен (saten), стаен (staen), сенат (senat)

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stěna.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈstɛna]
Audio: (file)

Noun

стена • (stena) f (plural стени)

rock (mass of projecting rock)
Synonym: карпа (karpa)
(dialectal) wall
Synonym: ѕид (dzid)

Declension

Declension of стена

	singular	plural
indefinite	стена	стени
definite unspecified	стената	стените
definite proximal	стенава	стениве
definite distal	стенана	стенине
vocative	стено	стени

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stěna, see also English stone and stain.

Alternative forms

стѣна́ (stěná) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sʲtʲɪˈna]
Audio: (file)

Noun

стена́ • (stená) f inan (genitive стены́, nominative plural сте́ны, genitive plural стен, relational adjective стенно́й, diminutive сте́нка)

wall
запере́ться в четырёх сте́нах ― zaperétʹsja v četyrjóx sténax ― to immure oneself (literally, “to lock up oneself up in four walls”)

би́ться голово́й об сте́ну ― bítʹsja golovój ob sténu ― to beat one's head against the wall

как об сте́ну горо́х ― kak ob sténu goróx ― like talking to a wall

как за ка́менной стено́й ― kak za kámennoj stenój ― safe (literally, “like behind a stone wall”)

Declension

Declension of стена́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-dʹ/fʹ)

	singular	plural
nominative	стена́ stená	сте́ны stény
genitive	стены́ stený	сте́н stén
dative	стене́ stené	сте́нам, стена́м^* sténam, stenám^*
accusative	сте́ну sténu	сте́ны stény
instrumental	стено́й, стено́ю stenój, stenóju	сте́нами, стена́ми^* sténami, stenámi^*
prepositional	стене́ stené	сте́нах, стена́х^* sténax, stenáx^*

^*Dated.

Derived terms

засте́нок (zasténok)
стенгазе́та (stengazéta)

Descendants

→ Kildin Sami: сте̄нн (stienn)
→ Southern Yukaghir: иччэнаа (iččenā)
→ Yakut: истиэнэ (istiene)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈstɛnə] (phonetic respelling: стэ́на)

Noun

сте́на • (stɛ́na) m inan

genitive singular of стен (stɛn)

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

стије́на (Ijekavian)
stina (Ikavian)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stěna.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /stěːna/

Noun

сте́на f (Latin spelling sténa)

rock (naturally occurring aggregate of solid mineral matter)

Declension

Declension of стена

	singular	plural
nominative	стена	стене
genitive	стене	стена
dative	стени	стенама
accusative	стену	стене
vocative	стено	стене
locative	стени	стенама
instrumental	стеном	стенама