Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęťi
Proto-Slavic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *tingtei , from Proto-Indo-European *tengʰ-. Akin to Lithuanian tìngti (“to become slow”) (3sg. tìngsta), tingė́ti (“to be lazy”) (3sg. tìngi), Old Norse þyngja (“burden”), Old High German dīhsala (“drawbar, shaft”), Old Norse þīsl (“drawbar, shaft”), and possibly Latin tēmō (“drawbar, shaft”)(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) < *tenk-smō.
Attested mainly in telic sense, reflecting an ancient root aorist[1] in the past tense and thematic root "imperfective" in present. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *tęgati, Proto-Slavic *tęgnǫti which convey atelic nuances.
Verb
edit*tęťi pf (imperfective *tęgati)[2]
Inflection
editConjugation of *tęťi, *tęže, *tęžetь (perf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*tęženьje | *tęťi | *tęťь | *tęglъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *tęženъ | — |
Active | *tęgъ | — |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *tęg(ox)ъ | *tęže | *tęže | *tęgǫ | *tęžeši | *tęžetь |
Dual | *tęg(ox)ově | *tęg(e/os)ta | *tęg(e/os)te | *tęževě | *tęžeta | *tęžete |
Plural | *tęg(ox)omъ | *tęg(e/os)te | *tęgǫ, *tęgošę | *tęžemъ | *tęžete | *tęgǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | — | — | — | — | *tędzi | *tędzi |
Dual | — | — | — | *tędzěvě | *tędzěta | — |
Plural | — | — | — | *tędzěmъ | *tędzěte | — |
- Notes:
- Aorist *tęgeste ⇒ *tęžeste, ...
- In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Derived terms
edit- *tęgnǫti (“to pull”)
- *tęgati (“to pull, to extract”)
- *tęgъ, *tęga (“traction, weight”)
- *tęgota (“burden, suffering”)
- *tęgostь (“load, weight”)
Related terms
editDescendants
edit- East Slavic:
- Ukrainian: тягти́ (tjahtý)
- South Slavic:
Further reading
edit- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “тя́га”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 278
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тя́га”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
edit- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*tʰengʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 657
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tęgti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 493