Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-mi

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

• *-mu

Alternative forms

• *-mï

Etymology

Compare Orok [script needed] (-i, “interrogative stem”) and Proto-Uralic *mi.

Postposition

*-mi

1. interrogative particle.

   ‎*ölti (“he/she/it died”) + ‎*-mi → ‎*ölti mü? (“Did he/she/it die?”)

Usage notes

1. Much like *ök, it adheres to the vowel harmony of the word that comes before it.

   ‎*bu (“this”) + ‎*-mi → ‎*bu mu? (“Is it this?”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: -и (-i), -им (-im)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: می (-mi)
    • Azerbaijani: mi, mı, mu, mü
    • Ottoman Turkish: می (-mi)
      • Turkish: mi, mı, mu, mü
      • Gagauz: mi, mı, mu, mü
  • Turkmen: -mi, -my, -mu, -mü
  • Salar: mu, mo, mi
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (-mu)
    • Chagatai:
      • Uzbek: -mi
      • Uyghur: [script needed] (-mu)
• Kipchak:
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: -mi, -mı, -mu, -mü
    • Karachay-Balkar: -ми (-mi), -мы (-mı), -му (-mu), -мү
    • Kumyk: -ми (-mi), -мы (-mı), -му (-mu), -мү
    • Karaim: [script needed] (-mo)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: -ме (-me), -мы (-mı)
    • Tatar: -ме (-me), -мы (-mı)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: бе (be), ме (me), пе (pe), ма (ma) па (pa), ба (ba)
      • Nogai: -ме (-me), -ма (-ma)
      • Karakalpak: -ma, -me
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: -би (-bi), -ми (-mi), -пи (-pi), -мы (-mı) -пы (-pı), -бы (-bı), -бу (-bu), -му (-mu), -пу (-pu), -мү (-mü), -пү (-pü), -бү (-bü)
      • Southern Altai: -ба (-ba), -па (-pa), -бе (-be), -пе (-pe), -бо (-bo), -по (-po), -бӧ (-bö), -пӧ (-pö)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰢𐰆 (mu), 𐰍𐰆 (γu) (as in bar γu?)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: [script needed] (be)
    • Yenisei:
      • Shor: [script needed] (-be), [script needed] (-ba)
      • Khakas: [script needed] (-ma), [script needed] (-me)