Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yās

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Unknown. In modern descendants, excluding Yakut, the reflexes of this root are indistinguishable from loanwords from Arabic يَأْس (yaʔs) although Oghuz forms are definitely not loanwords from said source.

Noun

*yās

1. loss, damage, harm
2. shame

Declension

Declension of *yās

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*yās
Accusative	*yāsïg, *yāsnï1)
Genitive	*yāsnïŋ
Dative	*yāska
Locative	*yāsda
Ablative	*yāsdan
Allative	*yāsgaru
Instrumental 2)	*yāsïn
Equative 2)	*yāsča
Similative 2)	*yāslayu
Comitative 2)	*yāslïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur: *ʒās
  • Old Chuvash: *ďās
    • → Old Hungarian: gazolcodic (ďāsolkodik, “to wear funeral clothes, to be bereft”) (c. 1416)
      • Hungarian: gyász (“bereavement, mourning”)
    • Anatri: *śüs
      • → Eastern Mari: сӧс (sös, “memorial celebration”)
• Common Turkic: *yās

• Oghuz: ياسْ (yās, “death”)
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: yas
      • Ottoman Turkish: یاس (yâs)
      • Turkish: yas
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: yās (“feast held after a funeral, mourning”)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: ىاَسْ (yās, “loss, mourning; trade deficit”)
    • Chagatai: ىاَسْ (yās, “lamentation”)
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak: ias (yās, “melancholy, sadness”)
• Siberian Turkic:
  • North Siberian Turkic:
    • Dolgan: һаатыннар (“to shame (tran.)”)
    • Yakut: саат (saat)
    • Yakut: саат-тааһ (saat-taah, “enemy”)
  • South Siberian Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽻 (yas, “shame, sadness”)

References

• Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 376, 377
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ya:s”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 973
• Eren, Hasan (1999) “yas”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 442
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2015-03-05) “yas”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 191
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jās”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill