User:Marcas.oduinn/Published/IrregularVerbs/180324
There are only eleven[1] irregular verbs in Modern Irish: abair, beir, bí, clois, déan, ith, faigh, feic, tabhair, tar, téigh.
- One verb (bí) has a distinct indicative present independent stem (tá)
- One verb (bí) has a distinct indicative present dependent stem (fuil).
- One verb (bí) has a distinct indicative present habitual (bíonn).
- Six verbs (abair, bí, déan, faigh, feic, téigh) have distinct indicative past dependent stems, which all take non-preterite preverbal particles (ní instead of níor etc.).
- Three verbs (abair, deir, tabhair) are broadened in the indicative future and conditional.
- One verb (faigh) has a dictinct independent form in the indicative future and conditional.
- Six verbs (bí, clois, faigh, feic, tar, téigh) have past autonomous -thas. The stem is broadened where necessary. All except faigh are lenitied (e.g., bhíothas, but fuarthas).
- Two verbs (abair, téigh) have distinct verbal noun stems (rá, dul).
- Summary of irregular stems
- abair, deir, dúr (dúirt), déar, rá
- beir, rug, béar, breith
- bí, tá, fuil, rabh, bei, bhei, bheith
- clois, chuala
- déan, rinne, dearna
- faigh, fuair, gheobh (gheobhaidh)
- feic, chonaic, fac
- ith, íos-
- tabhair, tug, tabhar
- tar, tag, tháng (tháinig), tioc, teacht
- téigh, té, chua (chuaigh), deach (deachaigh), rach (rachaidh), dul
Irregular declension table
editThis table highlights all the irregular stems of the eleven irregular Irish verbs.
oods and tenses [2] | abair [3] | beir | bí | clois | déan | faigh | feic | ith | tabhair | tar | téigh | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative | present | indep | deir [4] | tá | tug | tag | té [5] | ||||||
dep | fuil [6] [7] | ||||||||||||
pres habitual | deir | tug | tag | té | |||||||||
past | indep | dúr [8] | rug | chuala | rinne | fuair [9] | chonaic [9] | thug | tháng [10] | chua [11] | |||
dep [12] | ní dúr | ní rabh [13] | ní dhearna | ní bhfuair [14] | ní fhaca | ní dheach | |||||||
past habitual | |||||||||||||
future | indep | déar | béar | bei | gheobh [15] [16] | íos | tabhar | tioc | rach [16] | ||||
dep | faigh [16][17] | ||||||||||||
Conditional | indep | déar | béar | bei [18] | gheobh [16] | íos | tabhar | tioc | rach [16] | ||||
dep | faigh [16][17] | ||||||||||||
Subjunctive | present | deir | rabh | tug | tag | té [19] | |||||||
past | deir | bei | tug | tag | té | ||||||||
Imperative [20] | |||||||||||||
Verbal noun [21] | rá | breith | bheith | cloisteáil | déanamh | fáil [22] | feiceáil | ithe | tabhairt | teacht | dul | ||
Past participle | ráite | breithe | cloiste | déanta | fáilte | feicthe | ite | tugtha | tagtha | dulta |
Notes
edit- ^ There are 22 entries in Category:Irish irregular verbs as at 20-Mar-2018, including alternative forms and compounds
- ^ Tenses are named and listed as per Wiktionary conjugation templates
- ^ The d- forms are immune to lenition, they were previously adeir, adúirt
- ^ The analytic form is deir, that is, deir does not take an -eann suffix
- ^ Téann is a contraction of téigh + eann > téann
- ^ Negative níl is a contraction of ní fhuil
- ^ Interrogative an bhfuil tends to be pronounced an fhuil
- ^ The analytic form is dúirt
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Only in the autonomous is the stem broadened with -thas
- ^ The analytic form is tháinig (slender, unlenited g)
- ^ The analytic form is chuaigh (slender)
- ^ Quoted with the negative particle to highlight initial mutations
- ^ For compound forms, the stem is broadened to rabh-, e.g., rabhthas
- ^ Eclipsis rather than lenition
- ^ The stem is inherently lenitied
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 No f in declension suffix, e.g., gheobhaidh
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Eclipsis with ní
- ^ The analytic form is bheadh
- ^ Contraction of téigh + e > té
- ^ All imperatives are identical to the radical
- ^ The verbal nouns and adjectives (past participles) are given for all verbs
- ^ faigh + áil > fáil
See also
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