bëc

See also: Appendix:Variations of "bec"

Kashubian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-

Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt

Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti

Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei

Proto-Slavic *byti

Kashubian bëc

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɜt͡s/
• Rhymes: -ɜt͡s
• Syllabification: bëc

Verb

bëc impf (frequentative bëwac)

1. (copulative) to be indicates sameness or membership in a class
2. (copulative) to be auxilary verb used for predication [with adjective]
3. (intransitive) to be; to exist
4. (auxiliary) in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs [with infinitive or past-tense clause]
5. (auxiliary) forms pluperfect tense [with past-tense clause]
6. (auxiliary) forms the passive voice [with passive participle]

Declension

Conjugation of bëc (irregular)
	person	singular			plural		polite
		masculine	feminine	neuter	virile	nonvirile	virile
infinitive		bëc
present tense	1st	jem			jesmë		—
	2nd	jes			jesta		jesce
	3rd	je			są		—
future tense	1st	bądã, bãdã, mdã			bądzemë, bãdzemë, mdzemë		—
	2nd	bądzesz, bãdzesz, mdzesz			bądzeta, bãdzeta, mdzeta		bądzece, bãdzece, mdzece
	3rd	bądze, bãdze, mdze			bãdą, bądą, mdą		—
-ł forms		béł	bëła	bëło	bëlë	bëłë	bëlë
imperative	1st	niech bądã, niech bãdã, niech mdã			bãdzëmë, bądzmë		—
	2nd	bãdzë, bądz			bãdzëta, bądzta		bãdzëce, bądzce
	3rd	niech bądze, niech bãdze, niech mdze			niech bãdą, niech bądą, niech mdą		—

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “béc”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 6
• Sychta, Bernard (1967) “bëc”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 27
• Jan Trepczyk (1994) “być”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “być”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[1]
• “bëc”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Slovincian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-

Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt

Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti

Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei

Proto-Slavic *byti

Slovincian bëc

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbət͡s/
• Rhymes: -bət͡s
• Syllabification: bëc

Verb

bëc impf (frequentative bëwac)

1. (copulative) to be indicates sameness or membership in a class
2. (copulative) to be auxilary verb used for predication [with adjective]
3. (intransitive) to be; to exist
4. (auxiliary) in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs [with infinitive or past-tense clause]
5. (auxiliary) forms pluperfect tense [with past-tense clause]
6. (auxiliary) forms the passive voice [with passive participle]

Declension

Conjugation of bëc (irregular)

		singular
		masculine		feminine		neuter
infinitive		bëc
present	1st	jêm
	2st	jês
	3st	jê/jêsta
future	1st	bóm/bõdã
	2st	bõsz
	3st	bõ
imperative	1st	—
	2st	bãdzë
	3st	bãdzë
		dual
		virile			nonvirile
present	1st	jêsma, jêsmë
	2st	jêsta, jêste
	3st	—
future	1st	bóma/bómë
	2st	bõta/bõte
	3st	—
imperative	1st	bãdzëma
	2st	bãdzëta/bãdzëte
	3st	—
		plural
		virile			nonvirile
present	1st	jêsmë
	2st	jêsce
	3st	sõ
future	1st	bómë
	2st	bõce
	3st	bõdõ
imperative	1st	bãdzëmë
	2st	bãdzëce
	3st	—
		masculine singular		feminine singular		neuter singular
past forms		bél		bëla		bëlô
		virile dual			nonvirile dual
		bëla			bële
		virile plural			nonvirile plural
		bëly			bële
active present participle		bãdõcy
present adverbial participle		bãdõce
verbal noun		bëcé

Derived terms

verbs

• dôbëc pf, dôbëwac impf
• nabëc pf, nabëwac impf
• przêbëc pf, przêbëwac impf
• przêdôbëc pf, przêdôbëwac impf
• przëbëc pf, przëbëwac impf
• pôbëc pf
• pôzbëc pf, pôzbëwac impf
• wëbëc pf, wëbëwac impf
• wëdôbëc pf, wëdôbëwac impf
• wëzbëc pf, wëzbëwac impf
• wôbëc pf, wôbëwac impf
• wôdbëc pf, wôdbëwac impf
• wôddôbëc pf
• wùbëc pf, wùbëwac impf
• zabëc pf, zabëwac impf
• zbëc pf, zbëwac impf
• zdôbëc pf, zdôbëwac impf

Further reading

• Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “bȧ̃c”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 19