bruire
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French, from Vulgar Latin *brūgere (attested in the third-person singular indicative form brugit), from a crossing of Latin rugīre (compare French rugir) + *bragere (whence French braire). Compare English burr.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
bruire
Conjugation edit
- This verb is conjugated as if it ended in -ir.
- Archaic forms based on the conjugation of fuir (e.g. bruyais) may also be encountered.
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of bruire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | bruire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | bruissant /bʁɥi.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | brui /bʁɥi/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | bruis /bʁɥi/ |
bruis /bʁɥi/ |
bruit /bʁɥi/ |
bruissons /bʁɥi.sɔ̃/ |
bruissez /bʁɥi.se/ |
bruissent /bʁɥis/ |
| imperfect | bruissais /bʁɥi.sɛ/ |
bruissais /bʁɥi.sɛ/ |
bruissait /bʁɥi.sɛ/ |
bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/ |
bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/ |
bruissaient /bʁɥi.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | bruis /bʁɥi/ |
bruis /bʁɥi/ |
bruit /bʁɥi/ |
bruîmes /bʁɥim/ |
bruîtes /bʁɥit/ |
bruirent /bʁɥiʁ/ | |
| future | bruirai /bʁɥi.ʁe/ |
bruiras /bʁɥi.ʁa/ |
bruira /bʁɥi.ʁa/ |
bruirons /bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/ |
bruirez /bʁɥi.ʁe/ |
bruiront /bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | bruirais /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ |
bruirais /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ |
bruirait /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ |
bruirions /bʁɥi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
bruiriez /bʁɥi.ʁje/ |
bruiraient /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | bruisse /bʁɥis/ |
bruisses /bʁɥis/ |
bruisse /bʁɥis/ |
bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/ |
bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/ |
bruissent /bʁɥis/ |
| imperfect2 | bruisse /bʁɥis/ |
bruisses /bʁɥis/ |
bruît /bʁɥi/ |
bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/ |
bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/ |
bruissent /bʁɥis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | bruis /bʁɥi/ |
— | bruissons /bʁɥi.sɔ̃/ |
bruissez /bʁɥi.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “bruire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Italian edit
Verb edit
bruìre (first-person singular present (rare) bruìsco, first-person singular past historic bruìi, no past participle) (intransitive, literary) [auxiliary avere]
- to gurgle
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of bruìre (-ire; defective) (See Appendix:Italian verbs)
| infinitive | bruìre | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| auxiliary verb | — | gerund | bruèndo | |||
| present participle | bruènte | past participle | — | |||
| person | singular | plural | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| indicative | io | tu | lui/lei, esso/essa | noi | voi | loro, essi/esse |
| present | bruìsco1 | bruìsci1 | bruìsce1 | bruiàmo1 | bruìte1 | bruìscono1 |
| imperfect | bruìvo | bruìvi | bruìva | bruivàmo | bruivàte | bruìvano |
| past historic | bruìi | bruìsti | bruì | bruìmmo | bruìste | bruìrono |
| future | bruirò | bruirài | bruirà | bruirémo | bruiréte | bruirànno |
| conditional | io | tu | lui/lei, esso/essa | noi | voi | loro, essi/esse |
| present | bruirèi | bruirésti | bruirèbbe, bruirébbe | bruirémmo | bruiréste | bruirèbbero, bruirébbero |
| subjunctive | che io | che tu | che lui/che lei, che esso/che essa | che noi | che voi | che loro, che essi/che esse |
| present | bruìsca | bruìsca | bruìsca | bruiàmo | bruiàte | bruìscano |
| imperfect | bruìssi | bruìssi | bruìsse | bruìssimo | bruìste | bruìssero |
| imperative | — | tu | Lei | noi | voi | Loro |
| bruìsci | bruìsca | bruiàmo | bruìte | bruìscano | ||
| negative imperative | non bruìre | non bruìsca | non bruiàmo | non bruìte | non bruìscano | |
1Rare.