bryngen

Middle English

Alternative forms

• brenge, bring, bringe, bringen, bringge, bringue, brinken, bryng, brynge, bryngge, bryngyn
• brinngenn (Ormulum)

Etymology

Inherited from Old English bringan, from Proto-West Germanic *bringan, from Proto-Germanic *bringaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenk-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbrinɡən/

Verb

bryngen (third-person singular simple present bryngeth, present participle bryngynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative broghte, past participle broght)

1. to bring; to (physically) convey or deliver towards
2. to deliver or provide (news, an argument, etc.)
3. to put; to set or bring onto.
   • c. 1375, “Book V”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2)‎^[1], Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 17, verso, lines 408-410; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:

     All þe wictalis owtane ſalt / Als quheyt and flour ⁊ meill ⁊ malt / In þe wyne sellar geꝛt he bꝛyng […]

     All the food except for salt, / like wheat, flour, meal, and malt, / he went to put in the wine-cellar […]

4. to bring about; to create; to occasion:
   1. to supply, contribute; to provide with
   2. to bring, lead (in(to) or out (of) a quality)
   3. to modify (something) into (something else)
   4. (rare) to cause (to do); to induce

Usage notes

This verb is often used as part of phrasal verb constructions.

Conjugation

Conjugation of bryngen (weak irregular)

infinitive	(to) bryngen, brynge
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	brynge	broghte
2nd-person singular	bryngest	broghtest
3rd-person singular	bryngeth	broghte
subjunctive singular	brynge
imperative singular		—
plural1	bryngen, brynge	broghten, broghte
imperative plural	bryngeth, brynge	—
participles	bryngynge, bryngende	broght, ybroght

¹Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants

• English: bring
• Scots: bring
• Yola: ee-brougkt (ppl)

References

• “bringen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.