caled

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh caled, from Proto-Celtic *kaletos (compare Breton calet, Middle Irish calath, calad), from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). See Latin callum (“a hard substance”). Possible doublet of call (“wise, sensible”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈkalɛd/
  • (North Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈkalad/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈka(ː)lɛd/
• Rhymes: -alɛd

Adjective

caled (feminine singular caled, plural caledion, equative caleted, comparative caletach, superlative caletaf)

1. hard (resistant to pressure)

   Antonym: meddal

   Mae'r bisgedi'n galed iawn

   The biscuits are very hard

2. hard, difficult

   Synonym: hawdd

   Antonym: anidd

   Mae'r gwaith yn galed iawn

   The work is very hard

Derived terms

• caleden (“callus”)
• caledi (“hardship”)
• caledu (“to harden”)
• caledwedd (“hardware”)
• gwrychredyn caled (“hard-shield ferns”)

Noun

caled m (plural caledion or celyd)

1. battle, hard struggle, distress; hard object
2. miser, niggard

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
caled	galed	nghaled	chaled
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “caled”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies