carcer
See also: càrcer
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *karkros, from Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”), reduplication of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”) in the sense of "enclosure", and as such a doublet of cancer. Cognate with circus, curvus, crux, crīnis, crispus, English ring. It is not known how the noun shifted to the third declension.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkar.ker/, [ˈkärkɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkar.t͡ʃer/, [ˈkärt͡ʃer]
Noun edit
carcer m (genitive carceris); third declension
- prison, jail
- Synonyms: tenebrae, (Mediaeval) carcellāria
- jailbird
- traps (barriers at start of a horse race)
- commencement, beginning
- starting gate
- Ad carceres a calce revocari.
- To be called back from the finish line to the starting gates.
Declension edit
Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | carcer | carcerēs |
| Genitive | carceris | carcerum |
| Dative | carcerī | carceribus |
| Accusative | carcerem | carcerēs |
| Ablative | carcere | carceribus |
| Vocative | carcer | carcerēs |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Old Catalan: càrcer/carçre
- Catalan: càrcer
- French: chartre
- Italian: carcere
- Old Galician-Portuguese: carcer, carcel
- Romanian: carceră
- Sicilian: càrzaru
- Old Spanish: carcel
- Spanish: cárcel
- → Proto-Brythonic: *karxar
- → German: Karzer (learned) (see there for further descendants)
- → Proto-West Germanic: *karkārī (see there for further descendants)
- →⇒ English: incarcerate (learned)
- → Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (karkara)
- → Old Irish: carcar (see there for further descendants)
References edit
- “carcer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “carcer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- carcer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to throw some one into prison: in carcerem conicere aliquem
- to throw some one into prison: in carcerem conicere aliquem
- “carcer”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “carcer”, in Samuel Ball Platner (1929) Thomas Ashby, editor, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press
- “carcer”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Old Galician-Portuguese edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
carcer f
- jail, prison
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, E codex, cantiga 149 (facsimile):
- eu te rogo / ſeñor que me tu leues Deſta carcer eſcura / E que ueia no Ceo a ta face velida.
- Lady, I beg you, please take me out of this dark prison and let me see your beautiful face in Heaven.
- eu te rogo / ſeñor que me tu leues Deſta carcer eſcura / E que ueia no Ceo a ta face velida.
