czar
English edit
Etymology edit
See tsar. The spelling czar, the older spelling in English, comes from Sigismund von Herberstein's Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii ("Notes on Muscovite Affairs") of 1549. The alternative tsar began to replace it in the 19th century.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
czar (plural czars)
- Alternative spelling of tsar (especially common in American English)
- 1555, Peter Martyr d’Anghiera, translated by Richard Eden, The decades of the newe worlde or west India[1], London: William Powell, page 290:
- Note therfore that Czar in the Ruthens tounge signifieth a kynge, wheras in the language of the Slauons, Pollons, Bohemes, and other, the same woorde Czar, signifieth Cesar by whiche name Themperours haue byn commonly cauled.
- (informal, US politics) An appointed official tasked to regulate or oversee a specific area.
- drug czar
- 2020 May 8, Jayne O'Donnell, “'Deaths of despair': Coronavirus pandemic could push suicide, drug deaths as high as 150k, study says”, in USA Today[2], archived from the original on 9 May 2020:
- The federal mental health czar is calling for more money to expand services to help people suffering amid the social isolation imposed by the coronavirus pandemic […]
Derived terms edit
Anagrams edit
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
czar m (plural czars)
Further reading edit
- “czar”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čarъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ker-, *kēr-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-.
Noun edit
czar m inan
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
czar
Further reading edit
- czar in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- czar in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “czar”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN
Portuguese edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Old Church Slavonic цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of César and kaiser.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
czar m (plural czares, feminine czarina, feminine plural czarinas)