Egyptian
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Pronunciation
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- (verb as a strong triliteral verb): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈtʼaːmacʼ/ → /ˈtʼaːmatʼ/ → /ˈtʼaːmətʼ/ → /ˈtʼoːmətʼ/
- (verb as a fourth weak verb): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈtʼimcʼit/ → /ˈtʼimtʼiʔ/ → /ˈtʼemtʼa/ → /ˈtʼemtʼə/
4ae inf. or 3-lit.
- (transitive) to join together, to assemble
- 2nd Dynasty, c. 2690 BCE, Abydos, Tomb of Peribsen, Part of a jar-seal of dull grey clay with a seal-impression of Peribsen (British Museum EA35594), combined lower and upper impressions:[1]
- sḏꜣ ḫt nb(t) nbwt nbwj d(m)ḏ.n.f tꜣwj n zꜣ.f nswt-bjtj pr-jb.sn
- Cylinder seal of all golden things. The Golden One (Set), he has united the Two Lands (Egypt) for his son, the Dual King Peribsen.
c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE,
Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 7:
- tꜣwj dmḏ ḥr rdjt n.f jꜣw m ḫsfw ḥm.f
- The assembled Two Lands (Egypt) are giving him praise at the approach of his majesty.
Inflection
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While this verb is often considered a strong triliteral verb dmḏ, other Egyptologists, following Sethe and Edel, instead interpret it as a fourth weak verb dmḏj.
Conjugation of dmḏj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: dmḏ
suffix conjugation
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aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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contingent
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aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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perfect
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dmḏ.n
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dmḏw, dmḏ, dmḏy
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consecutive
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dmḏ.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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terminative
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dmḏt
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perfective3
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dmḏ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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obligative1
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dmḏ.ḫr
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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imperfective
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dmḏ, dmḏy
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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prospective3
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dmḏw, dmḏ, dmḏy
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dmḏ
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potentialis1
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dmḏ.kꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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subjunctive
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dmḏ, dmḏy
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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verbal adjectives
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aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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active
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passive
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active
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passive
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perfect
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dmḏ.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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perfective
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dmḏw1, dmḏy, dmḏ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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dmḏ
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dmḏy, dmḏ
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imperfective
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dmḏ, dmḏy, dmḏw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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dmḏ, dmḏj6, dmḏy6
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dmḏ, dmḏw5
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prospective
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dmḏw1, dmḏy, dmḏ, dmḏtj7
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—
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dmḏwtj1 4, dmḏtj4, dmḏt4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
- Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
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Conjugation of dmḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: dmḏ, geminated stem: dmḏḏ
infinitival forms
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imperative
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infinitive
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negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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dmḏ
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dmḏw, dmḏ
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dmḏt
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dmḏ
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dmḏ
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‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
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periphrastic prospective2
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dmḏ
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ḥr dmḏ
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m dmḏ
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r dmḏ
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verbal adjectives
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aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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active
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passive
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active
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passive
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perfect
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dmḏ.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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perfective
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dmḏ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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dmḏ
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dmḏ, dmḏw5, dmḏy5
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imperfective
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dmḏ, dmḏy, dmḏw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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dmḏ, dmḏj6, dmḏy6
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dmḏ, dmḏw5
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prospective
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dmḏ, dmḏtj7
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—
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dmḏtj4, dmḏt4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
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Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of dmḏj
Derived terms
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Descendants
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References
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- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, § 313, page 220.
- Allen, James Peter (1984) The Inflection of the Verb in the Pyramid Texts, Malibu, California: Undena Publications, →ISBN, § 736, page 566
- ^ Kaplony, Peter (1964) Die Inschriften der Ägyptischen Frühzeit, volume III, plate 95, Ab 368