firmus
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
- firmis (late)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”) (whence also Sanskrit धर्म (dharma)), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”) (whence also ferē and fermē).
Cognate with Sanskrit धरति (dhárati), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /dārayatiy/), Persian داشتن (“have, hold”), Lithuanian derė́ti, Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ).[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈfir.mus/, [ˈfɪrmʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfir.mus/, [ˈfirmus]
Adjective edit
firmus (feminine firma, neuter firmum, comparative firmior, superlative firmissimus, adverb firmiter); first/second-declension adjective
Declension edit
First/second-declension adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | firmus | firma | firmum | firmī | firmae | firma | |
Genitive | firmī | firmae | firmī | firmōrum | firmārum | firmōrum | |
Dative | firmō | firmō | firmīs | ||||
Accusative | firmum | firmam | firmum | firmōs | firmās | firma | |
Ablative | firmō | firmā | firmō | firmīs | |||
Vocative | firme | firma | firmum | firmī | firmae | firma |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “firmus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 223
Further reading edit
- “firmus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “firmus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- firmus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- a strong, striking proof: argumentum firmum, magnum
- a strong, striking proof: argumentum firmum, magnum
- “firmus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- firmus in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016